{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029268339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.1420110.x","title":"Why observing a dialogue may benefit learning","display_name":"Why observing a dialogue may benefit learning","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029268339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.1420110.x","mag":"2029268339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.1420110.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.1420110.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5743915","display_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","issn_l":"0266-4909","issn":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020143676","display_name":"Jean McKendree","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. McKendree","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025383010","display_name":"Keith Stenning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-1343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Stenning","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076035520","display_name":"Terry Mayes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Mayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383921","display_name":"John Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068597847","display_name":"R\u00f3nadh Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-2702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020143676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.7757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98607198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"110","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.44557783007621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4300835430622101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4101036787033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3395863175392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3213784694671631}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44557783007621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4300835430622101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4101036787033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3395863175392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3213784694671631}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.1420110.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.1420110.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5743915","display_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","issn_l":"0266-4909","issn":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W235934076","https://openalex.org/W1593222164","https://openalex.org/W2026997179","https://openalex.org/W2047926687","https://openalex.org/W2157904933","https://openalex.org/W2171335094","https://openalex.org/W2478797150","https://openalex.org/W2504837696","https://openalex.org/W2747756377","https://openalex.org/W4245961435","https://openalex.org/W4247805213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"Vicarious":[2],"Learner":[3],"project":[4,17],"is":[5,18,68,114],"investigating":[6],"the":[7,16,20,39,56,60,92,98,104,111,120,132],"fundamental":[8],"role":[9],"of":[10,24,41,59,66,76,85,94,100,106,108,140,142],"dialogue":[11,86],"for":[12,134],"learning.":[13],"More":[14],"specifically,":[15],"exploring":[19],"benefits":[21],"to":[22,27],"learners":[23],"being":[25],"able":[26],"observe":[28],"others":[29],"participating":[30],"in":[31,79,110,117,125],"discussion.":[32],"Such":[33],"opportunities":[34],"are":[35],"becoming":[36],"fewer":[37],"with":[38],"proliferation":[40],"computer\u2010based":[42],"courses":[43],"and":[44,70,97],"distance":[45],"learning,":[46],"as":[47,49],"well":[48],"growing":[50],"student":[51],"numbers.":[52],"This":[53,82],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"theoretical":[57],"aspects":[58],"work.":[61],"A":[62],"high\u2010level":[63],"\u2018process":[64],"model\u2019":[65,84],"learning":[67],"presented":[69],"then":[71],"a":[72],"more":[73,135],"detailed":[74],"model":[75],"what":[77],"happens":[78],"educational":[80,126],"dialogues.":[81],"\u2018logic":[83],"breaks":[87],"discussions":[88],"into":[89],"two":[90],"parts:":[91],"introduction":[93],"new":[95,101],"premises":[96,102],"derivation":[99],"by":[103],"application":[105],"rules":[107],"reasoning":[109],"domain.":[112],"It":[113],"argued":[115],"that":[116],"ordinary":[118],"conversation":[119],"first":[121],"aspect":[122],"dominates":[123],"while":[124],"dialogues,":[127],"many":[128],"misunderstandings":[129],"arise":[130],"from":[131],"need":[133],"emphasis":[136],"on":[137],"explicit":[138],"demonstration":[139],"use":[141],"rules.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
