{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123627872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra08940a","title":"Unlocking toughness in 3D-printed cement through bio-inspired designs: current status and future perspectives","display_name":"Unlocking toughness in 3D-printed cement through bio-inspired designs: current status and future perspectives","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123627872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra08940a","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41537111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5ra08940a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra08940a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d5ra08940a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d5ra08940a","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-4174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-4174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122957219","display_name":"Xiaohan Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122924645","display_name":"Chengtao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengtao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122952478","display_name":"Wang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060064510","display_name":"Yunyun Tong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunyun Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007367372","display_name":"Qiannan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-3986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiannan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117796751","display_name":"Fangyuan SONG","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyuan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100534671","display_name":"Feng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Low-carbon Building Material Technology with Recyclable Waste Resource, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122916871","display_name":"Guangyan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangyan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122918090","display_name":"Mengya Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142324","display_name":"CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/043htjv09","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengya Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9, L2MGC, EA 4114, Cergy F-95000, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9, L2MGC, EA 4114, Cergy F-95000, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060064510","https://openalex.org/A5122916871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160","https://openalex.org/I38706770"],"apc_list":{"value":850,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1042},"apc_paid":{"value":850,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1042},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07686639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"2858","last_page":"2872"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.04179999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cementitious","display_name":"Cementitious","score":0.8338000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toughness","display_name":"Toughness","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brittleness","display_name":"Brittleness","score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toughening","display_name":"Toughening","score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.39989998936653137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.8338000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136478896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288","display_name":"Brittleness","level":2,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777888453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30674616","display_name":"Toughening","level":3,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107053488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674423","display_name":"Construction engineering","level":1,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988076202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Mechanical strength","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993522384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3405827","display_name":"Natural materials","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5ra08940a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra08940a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d5ra08940a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41537111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41537111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC advances","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12797302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12797302/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12797302/pdf/RA-016-D5RA08940A.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RSC Adv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5ra08940a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra08940a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ra/d5ra08940a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8925302066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LQ23E080003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123627872.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123627872.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971974144","https://openalex.org/W1998883273","https://openalex.org/W2023813086","https://openalex.org/W2040957028","https://openalex.org/W2062744642","https://openalex.org/W2088386179","https://openalex.org/W2107613574","https://openalex.org/W2109494119","https://openalex.org/W2150287812","https://openalex.org/W2316762971","https://openalex.org/W2516658517","https://openalex.org/W2599116714","https://openalex.org/W2626871760","https://openalex.org/W2674183864","https://openalex.org/W2736090375","https://openalex.org/W2741421471","https://openalex.org/W2759624547","https://openalex.org/W2766948533","https://openalex.org/W2791090105","https://openalex.org/W2886568155","https://openalex.org/W2889796981","https://openalex.org/W2893227239","https://openalex.org/W2920130202","https://openalex.org/W2926176898","https://openalex.org/W2990162913","https://openalex.org/W3008523568","https://openalex.org/W3012533326","https://openalex.org/W3017118477","https://openalex.org/W3018992468","https://openalex.org/W3089243962","https://openalex.org/W3102008074","https://openalex.org/W3128521008","https://openalex.org/W3134592469","https://openalex.org/W3136481084","https://openalex.org/W3159558344","https://openalex.org/W3173690989","https://openalex.org/W3176332993","https://openalex.org/W3177398462","https://openalex.org/W3195747369","https://openalex.org/W3197944162","https://openalex.org/W3200372668","https://openalex.org/W3208325862","https://openalex.org/W3212786961","https://openalex.org/W3213359272","https://openalex.org/W4211120839","https://openalex.org/W4220770876","https://openalex.org/W4220775512","https://openalex.org/W4220935636","https://openalex.org/W4223901684","https://openalex.org/W4283020494","https://openalex.org/W4289766726","https://openalex.org/W4300594289","https://openalex.org/W4308036872","https://openalex.org/W4313215301","https://openalex.org/W4313478732","https://openalex.org/W4320710459","https://openalex.org/W4367050715","https://openalex.org/W4367056557","https://openalex.org/W4376643333","https://openalex.org/W4380153172","https://openalex.org/W4383104048","https://openalex.org/W4385481383","https://openalex.org/W4386738828","https://openalex.org/W4387735194","https://openalex.org/W4388160793","https://openalex.org/W4388251941","https://openalex.org/W4388599138","https://openalex.org/W4388980325","https://openalex.org/W4389291744","https://openalex.org/W4392235250","https://openalex.org/W4392375238","https://openalex.org/W4399498085","https://openalex.org/W4399716202","https://openalex.org/W4399907729","https://openalex.org/W4400427455","https://openalex.org/W4402379885","https://openalex.org/W4402493047","https://openalex.org/W4403280148","https://openalex.org/W4403993070","https://openalex.org/W4405738487","https://openalex.org/W4406972493","https://openalex.org/W4407846970","https://openalex.org/W4408108031","https://openalex.org/W4409052147","https://openalex.org/W4409923671","https://openalex.org/W4410354727","https://openalex.org/W4411073979","https://openalex.org/W4411571705"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,37,84,91,110,138],"intrinsic":[3],"brittleness":[4],"of":[5,40,62,88,112],"conventional":[6],"cementitious":[7,21,45,99],"materials,":[8],"researchers":[9],"have":[10,67],"drawn":[11],"inspiration":[12],"from":[13],"natural":[14,34],"biological":[15],"structures":[16],"to":[17,32],"develop":[18],"advanced":[19],"bio-inspired":[20,89,98,101,113],"composites":[22,57],"through":[23],"three-dimensional":[24],"(3D)":[25],"printing.":[26],"This":[27,70],"approach":[28],"exploits":[29],"additive":[30],"manufacturing":[31],"replicate":[33],"architectures-such":[35],"as":[36],"\"brick-and-mortar\"":[38],"structure":[39,87],"nacre-by":[41],"precisely":[42],"organizing":[43],"hard":[44],"and":[46,65,86,94,104,109,127,144],"soft":[47],"polymeric":[48],"phases":[49],"across":[50],"multiple":[51],"scales.":[52],"As":[53],"a":[54,59,146],"result,":[55],"novel":[56],"exhibiting":[58],"synergistic":[60],"combination":[61],"high":[63],"strength":[64],"toughness":[66],"been":[68],"achieved.":[69],"review":[71],"systematically":[72],"summarizes":[73],"recent":[74],"progress":[75],"in":[76,132],"this":[77,135],"interdisciplinary":[78],"field,":[79],"emphasizing":[80],"four":[81],"key":[82,124],"aspects:":[83],"composition":[85],"materials;":[90,100],"design":[92],"principles":[93],"fabrication":[95],"methods":[96],"for":[97,141],"toughening":[102],"strategies":[103],"their":[105],"associated":[106],"mechanical":[107],"models;":[108],"integration":[111],"concepts":[114],"with":[115],"3D":[116],"printing":[117],"technology.":[118],"The":[119],"interrelationships":[120],"among":[121],"these":[122],"topics,":[123],"scientific":[125],"challenges,":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"developments":[129],"are":[130],"discussed":[131],"depth.":[133],"Finally,":[134],"work":[136],"highlights":[137],"remaining":[139],"obstacles":[140],"engineering":[142],"applications":[143],"provides":[145],"forward-looking":[147],"perspective":[148],"on":[149],"future":[150],"research":[151],"directions.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T13:37:22.277990","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
