{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091673453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","title":"Improving the quality of machine learning in health applications and clinical research","display_name":"Improving the quality of machine learning in health applications and clinical research","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091673453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","mag":"3091673453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00239-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00239-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080362125","display_name":"Bilal A. Mateen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-6472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bilal A. Mateen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","Wellcome Trust, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Trust, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074427299","display_name":"James Liley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-8238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158898","display_name":"MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05hygey35","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I90344618","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Liley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074056939","display_name":"Alastair K. Denniston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-0087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142469","display_name":"Health Data Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/04rtjaj74","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308923049","display_name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/014ja3n03","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308923049"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alastair K. Denniston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK","Health Data Research UK, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308923049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Data Research UK, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649922","display_name":"Chris Holmes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6667-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris C. Holmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003185028","display_name":"Sebastian J. Vollmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-1401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian J. Vollmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080362125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584","https://openalex.org/I87048295"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92014426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"10","first_page":"554","last_page":"556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.622521162033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6147096157073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.555923342704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44867798686027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3881794512271881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.622521162033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6147096157073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.555923342704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44867798686027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3881794512271881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00239-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/5b278863-bff3-4a75-b9d7-dec3049cb051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/5b278863-bff3-4a75-b9d7-dec3049cb051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mateen, B A, Liley, J, Denniston, A K, Holmes, C C & Vollmer, S J 2020, 'Improving the quality of machine learning in health applications and clinical research', Nature Machine Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 554-556. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/d3612bea-4af1-4918-a10b-b3bc16af29fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/d3612bea-4af1-4918-a10b-b3bc16af29fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mateen, B A, Liley, J, Denniston, A K, Holmes, C C & Vollmer, S J 2020, 'Improving the quality of machine learning in health applications and clinical research', Nature Machine Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/d3612bea-4af1-4918-a10b-b3bc16af29fd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/d3612bea-4af1-4918-a10b-b3bc16af29fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00239-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00239-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091673453.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091673453.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994682257","https://openalex.org/W2002463857","https://openalex.org/W2169877598","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2934399013","https://openalex.org/W2937186836","https://openalex.org/W2976398475","https://openalex.org/W2998024276","https://openalex.org/W3011403448","https://openalex.org/W3014524604","https://openalex.org/W3033545112","https://openalex.org/W3044144174","https://openalex.org/W3136552952","https://openalex.org/W3136960503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
