{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007217854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1994-5","title":"Closed-loop optimization of fast-charging protocols for batteries with machine learning","display_name":"Closed-loop optimization of fast-charging protocols for batteries with machine learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007217854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1994-5","mag":"3007217854","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32076218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1994-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1994-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1647088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005580336","display_name":"Peter M. Attia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-5726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter M. Attia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014409944","display_name":"Aditya Grover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Grover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067163428","display_name":"Norman Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087785636","display_name":"Kristen Severson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-4217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen A. Severson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081692949","display_name":"Todor Markov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todor M. Markov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044951035","display_name":"Yang-Hung Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang-Hung Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073634724","display_name":"Michael H. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-5817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041142702","display_name":"Bryan Cheong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053654015","display_name":"Nicholas Perkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0445-8436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704757","display_name":"Zi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-5720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040404046","display_name":"Patrick K. Herring","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I917207718","display_name":"Toyota Industries (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0132ebr60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210145315","https://openalex.org/I917207718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768151","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04fpkc108","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick K. Herring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I917207718","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005433729","display_name":"Muratahan Aykol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-7217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768151","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04fpkc108","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I917207718","display_name":"Toyota Industries (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0132ebr60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210145315","https://openalex.org/I917207718"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muratahan Aykol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I917207718","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053459622","display_name":"Stephen J. Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-3934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083684552","display_name":"Richard D. Braatz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard D. Braatz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. braatz@mit.edu","Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. braatz@mit.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091179481","display_name":"Stefano Ermon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-2887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Ermon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ermon@cs.stanford.edu","Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ermon@cs.stanford.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050039741","display_name":"William C. Chueh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-3470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801935854","display_name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzmn429","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2801935854","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William C. Chueh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. wchueh@stanford.edu","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. wchueh@stanford.edu","Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. wchueh@stanford.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. wchueh@stanford.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801935854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050039741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801935854"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":51.2122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1003,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999687,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"578","issue":"7795","first_page":"397","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.8346092700958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7380409836769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.565834641456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.560326874256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5548447966575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4256061911582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3218393325805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3099706172943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11830726265907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09688010811805725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.8346092700958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7380409836769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.565834641456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.560326874256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5548447966575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4256061911582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3218393325805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3099706172943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11830726265907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09688010811805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1994-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1994-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32076218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32076218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1647088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1647088","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1647088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:578:y:2020:i:7795:d:10.1038_s41586-020-1994-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1994-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt117547r6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/117547r6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature, vol 578, iss 7795","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1647088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1647088","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1647088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007217854.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60686164","https://openalex.org/W1208026423","https://openalex.org/W1487396100","https://openalex.org/W1524136712","https://openalex.org/W1553290137","https://openalex.org/W1832676204","https://openalex.org/W1999022283","https://openalex.org/W2037437049","https://openalex.org/W2049045141","https://openalex.org/W2052909548","https://openalex.org/W2093650949","https://openalex.org/W2114804859","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2127088635","https://openalex.org/W2134203632","https://openalex.org/W2155731083","https://openalex.org/W2166566250","https://openalex.org/W2170307371","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2266822037","https://openalex.org/W2306235211","https://openalex.org/W2329301706","https://openalex.org/W2464273419","https://openalex.org/W2558921396","https://openalex.org/W2568686267","https://openalex.org/W2609397020","https://openalex.org/W2751836095","https://openalex.org/W2766038344","https://openalex.org/W2775714759","https://openalex.org/W2785813126","https://openalex.org/W2794526504","https://openalex.org/W2799306742","https://openalex.org/W2799915630","https://openalex.org/W2806681928","https://openalex.org/W2830440988","https://openalex.org/W2884430236","https://openalex.org/W2889430391","https://openalex.org/W2891182990","https://openalex.org/W2924382816","https://openalex.org/W2948650589","https://openalex.org/W2963815651","https://openalex.org/W2963888630","https://openalex.org/W3102400420","https://openalex.org/W3103297471","https://openalex.org/W3124229194","https://openalex.org/W6677099414","https://openalex.org/W6719442571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106461837","https://openalex.org/W4364381099","https://openalex.org/W3168182983","https://openalex.org/W4321472004","https://openalex.org/W4387079005","https://openalex.org/W2968265130","https://openalex.org/W4221166418","https://openalex.org/W2973085194","https://openalex.org/W4283700523","https://openalex.org/W3117893869"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":223},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":214},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":191},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":115},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":49}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}