{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165622990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","title":"The Quantum Optimization Benchmarking Library","display_name":"The Quantum Optimization Benchmarking Library","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165622990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42343114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-026-00991-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228084","display_name":"Nature Computational Science","issn_l":"2662-8457","issn":["2662-8457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Computational Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-026-00991-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066794150","display_name":"Thorsten Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-0077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195893171","display_name":"Zuse Institute Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/02eva5865","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195893171"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany. koch@zib.de","Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany. koch@zib.de"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-0077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany. koch@zib.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany. koch@zib.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195893171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010174244","display_name":"David E. Bernal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-5016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Bernal Neira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-5016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101508336","display_name":"Yuehua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement of Mathematics & Risk Management Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Mathematics & Risk Management Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105937743","display_name":"G. Cortiana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8745-5021"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Cortiana","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.ON Digital Technology GmbH, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.ON Digital Technology GmbH, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027150880","display_name":"Daniel J. Egger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-9807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Egger","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-9807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019819029","display_name":"Raoul Heese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-3339"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raoul Heese","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Data, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Data, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067045769","display_name":"Narendra N. Hegade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9673-2833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136082","display_name":"Quantum Design (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sb44z08","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136082"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narendra N. Hegade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kipu Quantum GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kipu Quantum GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072311594","display_name":"Alejandro Gomez Cadavid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136082","display_name":"Quantum Design (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sb44z08","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136082"]}],"countries":["DE","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Gomez Cadavid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kipu Quantum GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany","University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kipu Quantum GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136082"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056828650","display_name":"Yuxin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4167-1226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhea Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4167-1226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044031779","display_name":"Toshinari Itoko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2611-2301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshinari Itoko","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006634255","display_name":"Thomas Kleinert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-7466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097856","display_name":"Accadis Hochschule Bad Homburg","ror":"https://ror.org/015a98c38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097856"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kleinert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantagonia GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantagonia GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109396747","display_name":"Pedro Maciel Xavier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Maciel Xavier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082239974","display_name":"Naeimeh Mohseni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-4572"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naeimeh Mohseni","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.ON Digital Technology GmbH, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.ON Digital Technology GmbH, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072864762","display_name":"J. A. Monta\u00f1ez-Barrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8103-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhon A. Montanez-Barrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8103-4581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139193710","display_name":"Koji Nakano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126469","display_name":"Higashihiroshima Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03bd22t26","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126469","https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Nakano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126469","https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005485061","display_name":"Giacomo Nannicini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-1259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Nannicini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059067357","display_name":"Corey O\u2019Meara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-7545"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corey O\u2019Meara","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.ON Digital Technology GmbH, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-7545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.ON Digital Technology GmbH, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139136160","display_name":"Justin Pauckert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138519","display_name":"DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0327sr118","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210138519"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Pauckert","raw_affiliation_strings":["T-Systems International GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T-Systems International GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138519"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105217188","display_name":"Manuel Proissl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1083-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Proissl","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1083-1133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119703293","display_name":"Anurag Ramesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129080662","display_name":"Maximilian Schicker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195893171","display_name":"Zuse Institute Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/02eva5865","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195893171"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Schicker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195893171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102911318","display_name":"Noriaki Shimada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-2745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noriaki Shimada","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3307-2221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054077372","display_name":"Mitsuharu Takeori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitsuharu Takeori","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014551115","display_name":"V\u00edctor Valls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4784-3219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145784","display_name":"IBM Research - Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnxr720","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Valls","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074853747","display_name":"David Van Bulck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-4541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Van Bulck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-4541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085105920","display_name":"Stefan Woerner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-4707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Woerner","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. wor@zurich.ibm.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-4707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. wor@zurich.ibm.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038587497","display_name":"Christa Zoufal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-3141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christa Zoufal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. ouf@zurich.ibm.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-3141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. ouf@zurich.ibm.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":9,"institutions_distinct_count":18,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"fwci":12.1051,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98603311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"653","last_page":"671"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13104","display_name":"Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.7407000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6166999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-annealing","display_name":"Quantum annealing","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.36970001459121704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.7407000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6166999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6152999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90408235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938141","display_name":"Quantum annealing","level":4,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-026-00991-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228084","display_name":"Nature Computational Science","issn_l":"2662-8457","issn":["2662-8457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Computational Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42343114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42343114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature computational science","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01KWEJG5408V3CCKZ7AWA3CYGV","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01KWEJG5408V3CCKZ7AWA3CYGV","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2662-8457","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13293884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13293884/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nat Comput Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-026-00991-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-026-00991-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228084","display_name":"Nature Computational Science","issn_l":"2662-8457","issn":["2662-8457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Computational Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4192406653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05M20ZBM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4939626612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A-8000339-01-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G554881970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000142312585","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7362253369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A-8000014-00-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7898950839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05M2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8836352307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23AXE35N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8921868790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05M14ZAM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165622990.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165622990.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124060458","https://openalex.org/W133977063","https://openalex.org/W1518653692","https://openalex.org/W1579943307","https://openalex.org/W1582371590","https://openalex.org/W1652378708","https://openalex.org/W1774926842","https://openalex.org/W1878131045","https://openalex.org/W1963600265","https://openalex.org/W1971522720","https://openalex.org/W1971672021","https://openalex.org/W1978782513","https://openalex.org/W1981159511","https://openalex.org/W1984481156","https://openalex.org/W1984697146","https://openalex.org/W1985123706","https://openalex.org/W1986798241","https://openalex.org/W1988270113","https://openalex.org/W1994336709","https://openalex.org/W1995285162","https://openalex.org/W1995597621","https://openalex.org/W2006290558","https://openalex.org/W2008454042","https://openalex.org/W2014779026","https://openalex.org/W2018452700","https://openalex.org/W2027278505","https://openalex.org/W2038423000","https://openalex.org/W2039122980","https://openalex.org/W2041430500","https://openalex.org/W2046476204","https://openalex.org/W2049287714","https://openalex.org/W2049513883","https://openalex.org/W2051290577","https://openalex.org/W2061650801","https://openalex.org/W2063572899","https://openalex.org/W2064310338","https://openalex.org/W2073103707","https://openalex.org/W2079099822","https://openalex.org/W2087038607","https://openalex.org/W2094216724","https://openalex.org/W2102350211","https://openalex.org/W2110282707","https://openalex.org/W2110367141","https://openalex.org/W2111563176","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2132087752","https://openalex.org/W2137545253","https://openalex.org/W2138490239","https://openalex.org/W2139349113","https://openalex.org/W2144787803","https://openalex.org/W2146870367","https://openalex.org/W2151632247","https://openalex.org/W2152037116","https://openalex.org/W2156485162","https://openalex.org/W2163969674","https://openalex.org/W2166029977","https://openalex.org/W2166264273","https://openalex.org/W2171985270","https://openalex.org/W2194947012","https://openalex.org/W2270783633","https://openalex.org/W2294347342","https://openalex.org/W2313548030","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2523850769","https://openalex.org/W2530249205","https://openalex.org/W2617974073","https://openalex.org/W2809347089","https://openalex.org/W2889426946","https://openalex.org/W2897469996","https://openalex.org/W2963073045","https://openalex.org/W2981573211","https://openalex.org/W2982913475","https://openalex.org/W2990475267","https://openalex.org/W2992763160","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3040284875","https://openalex.org/W3041065315","https://openalex.org/W3085454911","https://openalex.org/W3088409280","https://openalex.org/W3119616506","https://openalex.org/W3122780569","https://openalex.org/W3129556960","https://openalex.org/W3184589170","https://openalex.org/W3192063225","https://openalex.org/W3193251185","https://openalex.org/W3216312364","https://openalex.org/W4250176405","https://openalex.org/W4280566442","https://openalex.org/W4281931618","https://openalex.org/W4307409347","https://openalex.org/W4308456248","https://openalex.org/W4308695876","https://openalex.org/W4310816297","https://openalex.org/W4310854203","https://openalex.org/W4313293044","https://openalex.org/W4313992679","https://openalex.org/W4321331837","https://openalex.org/W4377698514","https://openalex.org/W4380627387","https://openalex.org/W4385731975","https://openalex.org/W4390662219","https://openalex.org/W4391879783","https://openalex.org/W4392693586","https://openalex.org/W4395007239","https://openalex.org/W4396233355","https://openalex.org/W4399118343","https://openalex.org/W4399447204","https://openalex.org/W4400032106","https://openalex.org/W4400720182","https://openalex.org/W4400737701","https://openalex.org/W4401096567","https://openalex.org/W4401488092","https://openalex.org/W4403511026","https://openalex.org/W4403761386","https://openalex.org/W4406122603","https://openalex.org/W4406150672","https://openalex.org/W4409565511","https://openalex.org/W4411728306","https://openalex.org/W4412655949","https://openalex.org/W4412877155","https://openalex.org/W4414021678","https://openalex.org/W4415444582","https://openalex.org/W4416088411"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"progress":[1,25],"has":[2],"brought":[3],"benchmarking":[4,37],"of":[5,57,73,91],"(heuristic)":[6],"quantum":[7,27,40,114,134,146],"algorithms":[8,135],"at":[9,87],"scale":[10],"within":[11],"reach.":[12],"Particularly":[13],"in":[14,64],"combinatorial":[15],"optimization,":[16],"it":[17],"is":[18],"key":[19],"to":[20,141],"empirically":[21],"analyze":[22],"and":[23,35,60,107],"track":[24],"towards":[26,145],"advantage.":[28,147],"This":[29],"work":[30],"introduces":[31],"a":[32],"systematic,":[33],"fair":[34],"comparable":[36],"framework":[38],"for":[39,52,101,116],"optimization":[41],"methods":[42],"by":[43],"presenting":[44],"ten":[45],"model-independent":[46],"problem":[47,75,105,126],"classes":[48,76,106],"that":[49],"are":[50,62],"challenging":[51,81],"classical":[53,132],"methods.":[54],"Track":[55],"records":[56],"specific":[58],"instances":[59,102,127],"solutions":[61],"given":[63],"an":[65,89],"accompanying":[66],"open-source":[67],"repository.":[68],"While":[69],"the":[70,74,143],"individual":[71],"properties":[72],"vary,":[77],"they":[78],"all":[79,104],"become":[80],"from":[82,98],"less":[83],"than":[84],"100":[85],"to,":[86],"most,":[88],"order":[90],"100,000":[92],"decision":[93],"variables.":[94],"We":[95],"reference":[96],"results":[97,111],"state-of-the-art":[99],"solvers":[100,115],"across":[103],"demonstrate":[108],"exemplary":[109],"baseline":[110],"obtained":[112],"with":[113,131],"selected":[117],"problems,":[118],"which":[119],"illustrate":[120],"standardized":[121],"benchmark":[122],"reporting.":[123],"The":[124],"presented":[125],"may":[128],"be":[129],"approached":[130],"or":[133],"executed":[136],"on":[137],"varying":[138],"hardware":[139],"platforms":[140],"drive":[142],"field":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T06:17:10.115597","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}