{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408502165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2","title":"Explainable AI reveals Clever Hans effects in unsupervised learning models","display_name":"Explainable AI reveals Clever Hans effects in unsupervised learning models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408502165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-025-01000-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-025-01000-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043725008","display_name":"Jacob Kauffmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-513X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727010","display_name":"Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data","ror":"https://ror.org/05dsfb086","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Kauffmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028665299","display_name":"Jonas Dippel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-8977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727010","display_name":"Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data","ror":"https://ror.org/05dsfb086","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Dippel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aignostics, Berlin, Germany","BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aignostics, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016979661","display_name":"Lukas Ruff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-297X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Ruff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aignostics, Berlin, Germany","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-297X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aignostics, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026451495","display_name":"Wojciech Samek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-3265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727010","display_name":"Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data","ror":"https://ror.org/05dsfb086","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Samek","raw_affiliation_strings":["BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-3265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072994165","display_name":"Klaus-Robert M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-7685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727010","display_name":"Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data","ror":"https://ror.org/05dsfb086","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus-Robert M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Google Deepmind, Berlin, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-7685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Deepmind, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026240645","display_name":"Gr\u00e9goire Montavon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7243-6186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727010","display_name":"Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data","ror":"https://ror.org/05dsfb086","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gr\u00e9goire Montavon","raw_affiliation_strings":["BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7243-6186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIFOLD\u2014Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043725008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"fwci":36.2289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99672733,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"412","last_page":"422"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35913848876953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3565048575401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.34422555565834045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35913848876953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3565048575401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34422555565834045}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-025-01000-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/486459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/486459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-025-01000-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-025-01000-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2246221271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IS14013A-E, 01GQ1115, 01GQ0850, 01IS18056A, 01IS18025A, 01IS18037A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3797120881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2046/1 project-ID: 390685689","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8576690762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KI-FOR 5363, project ID: 459422098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408502165.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554085250","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1989485111","https://openalex.org/W2058373514","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2127981279","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2804236575","https://openalex.org/W2897980926","https://openalex.org/W2906498146","https://openalex.org/W2914746407","https://openalex.org/W2921802966","https://openalex.org/W2952984539","https://openalex.org/W2955173751","https://openalex.org/W2969096242","https://openalex.org/W2972548215","https://openalex.org/W2973136764","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2995523160","https://openalex.org/W3000716014","https://openalex.org/W3011005294","https://openalex.org/W3011817850","https://openalex.org/W3016970897","https://openalex.org/W3040266635","https://openalex.org/W3048549109","https://openalex.org/W3089028909","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3102818708","https://openalex.org/W3103934428","https://openalex.org/W3108823960","https://openalex.org/W3118600296","https://openalex.org/W3120430728","https://openalex.org/W3129166376","https://openalex.org/W3132191748","https://openalex.org/W3134751001","https://openalex.org/W3135367836","https://openalex.org/W3135550350","https://openalex.org/W3160366495","https://openalex.org/W3169651898","https://openalex.org/W3170120958","https://openalex.org/W3171849353","https://openalex.org/W3191346550","https://openalex.org/W3195577433","https://openalex.org/W4205274993","https://openalex.org/W4221167913","https://openalex.org/W4244473079","https://openalex.org/W4245050711","https://openalex.org/W4291023040","https://openalex.org/W4312694728","https://openalex.org/W4318567011","https://openalex.org/W4319300064","https://openalex.org/W4365143687","https://openalex.org/W4367055910","https://openalex.org/W4376606187","https://openalex.org/W4386566421","https://openalex.org/W4387873179","https://openalex.org/W4388336299","https://openalex.org/W4390723185","https://openalex.org/W4391486587","https://openalex.org/W4394625793","https://openalex.org/W4394773646","https://openalex.org/W4403664677","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6852449896","https://openalex.org/W6893104410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Unsupervised":[1],"learning":[2,82,151,174,186],"has":[3],"become":[4],"an":[5],"essential":[6],"building":[7],"block":[8],"of":[9,28,122,131,157,172],"artifical":[10,73],"intelligence":[11,74],"systems.":[12],"The":[13],"representations":[14],"it":[15],"produces,":[16],"for":[17,87],"example,":[18],"in":[19,97,148],"foundation":[20],"models,":[21],"are":[22,95,138],"critical":[23],"to":[24,35,40,79,118,145,178],"a":[25,63,154],"wide":[26],"variety":[27],"downstream":[29,123],"applications.":[30],"It":[31],"is":[32],"therefore":[33],"important":[34],"carefully":[36],"examine":[37],"unsupervised":[38,98,150,173,185],"models":[39,86,124],"ensure":[41],"not":[42,60],"only":[43],"that":[44,55,92,113],"they":[45],"produce":[46],"accurate":[47,57],"predictions":[48,58],"on":[49,105,165],"the":[50,149],"available":[51],"data":[52,133],"but":[53],"also":[54],"these":[56],"do":[59],"arise":[61],"from":[62],"Clever":[64],"Hans":[65],"(CH)":[66],"effect.":[67],"Here,":[68],"using":[69],"specially":[70],"developed":[71],"explainable":[72],"techniques":[75],"and":[76,83,107,175],"applying":[77],"them":[78],"popular":[80],"representation":[81],"anomaly":[84],"detection":[85],"image":[88],"data,":[89,110],"we":[90,111],"show":[91],"CH":[93,114,158,181],"effects":[94,115],"widespread":[96],"learning.":[99],"In":[100],"particular,":[101],"through":[102],"use":[103],"cases":[104],"medical":[106],"industrial":[108],"inspection":[109],"demonstrate":[112],"systematically":[116,179],"lead":[117],"significant":[119],"performance":[120],"loss":[121],"under":[125],"plausible":[126],"dataset":[127],"shifts":[128],"or":[129],"reweighting":[130],"different":[132],"subgroups.":[134],"Our":[135],"empirical":[136],"findings":[137],"enriched":[139],"by":[140],"theoretical":[141],"insights,":[142],"which":[143],"point":[144],"inductive":[146],"biases":[147],"machine":[152],"as":[153],"primary":[155],"source":[156],"effects.":[159],"Overall,":[160],"our":[161],"work":[162],"sheds":[163],"light":[164],"unexplored":[166],"risks":[167],"associated":[168],"with":[169],"practical":[170],"applications":[171],"suggests":[176],"ways":[177],"mitigate":[180],"effects,":[182],"thereby":[183],"making":[184],"more":[187],"robust.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-02T08:42:23.175194","created_date":"2025-03-17T00:00:00"}