{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390669042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00772-9","title":"Inversion dynamics of class manifolds in deep learning reveals tradeoffs underlying generalization","display_name":"Inversion dynamics of class manifolds in deep learning reveals tradeoffs underlying generalization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390669042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00772-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00772-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00772-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/1033158/2/inversion_dynamics_of_class_manifolds.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047049149","display_name":"Simone Ciceri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Ciceri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028976680","display_name":"Luc\u00eda Cassani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Cassani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032497784","display_name":"Matteo Osella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099850","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj6ck58","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210099850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Osella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099850","https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021125060","display_name":"Pietro Rotondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-6166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Rotondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare \u2014 Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare \u2014 Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090221395","display_name":"Filippo Valle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-8667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099850","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj6ck58","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210099850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Valle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099850","https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010329445","display_name":"Marco Gherardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7745-8269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gherardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare \u2014 Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy","Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare \u2014 Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047049149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.044,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87630679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"40","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8860119581222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6554075479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.6461639404296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6419394016265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5738929510116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.5331557989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4810774028301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4773726165294647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error","display_name":"Generalization error","score":0.46983596682548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.46609440445899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.45802363753318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4229496121406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3301655054092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2763793468475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1298285722732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology","display_name":"Paleontology","score":0.07323896884918213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8860119581222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6554075479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.6461639404296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6419394016265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5738929510116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.5331557989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4810774028301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4773726165294647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.46983596682548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46609440445899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45802363753318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4229496121406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3301655054092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2763793468475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1298285722732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.07323896884918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00772-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00772-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1033158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1033158","pdf_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/1033158/2/inversion_dynamics_of_class_manifolds.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1033158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1033158","pdf_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/1033158/2/inversion_dynamics_of_class_manifolds.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345895242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6840884930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"754496","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390669042.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1613249581","https://openalex.org/W1971017968","https://openalex.org/W1977441749","https://openalex.org/W2125930537","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2490183153","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2754478492","https://openalex.org/W2784871033","https://openalex.org/W2787262037","https://openalex.org/W2804344481","https://openalex.org/W2902986194","https://openalex.org/W2924720492","https://openalex.org/W2947024452","https://openalex.org/W2947518183","https://openalex.org/W2963115482","https://openalex.org/W2963477238","https://openalex.org/W2963518130","https://openalex.org/W2963775347","https://openalex.org/W2988294134","https://openalex.org/W2990771061","https://openalex.org/W3004639598","https://openalex.org/W3027095834","https://openalex.org/W3027561134","https://openalex.org/W3029326706","https://openalex.org/W3083720136","https://openalex.org/W3101334901","https://openalex.org/W3102874290","https://openalex.org/W3104335155","https://openalex.org/W3108365919","https://openalex.org/W3134283187","https://openalex.org/W3137695714","https://openalex.org/W3146058829","https://openalex.org/W3204187203","https://openalex.org/W4206410067","https://openalex.org/W4283259549","https://openalex.org/W4295915283","https://openalex.org/W4297093927","https://openalex.org/W4297749952","https://openalex.org/W4383472966","https://openalex.org/W4384108749","https://openalex.org/W4385812312","https://openalex.org/W4389522492","https://openalex.org/W4389879609","https://openalex.org/W6740005241","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6969147866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W2061096772","https://openalex.org/W4382239665","https://openalex.org/W4205140086","https://openalex.org/W2243388978","https://openalex.org/W2766969907"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2024-01-13T00:00:00"}
