{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386897466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8","title":"From attribution maps to human-understandable explanations through Concept Relevance Propagation","display_name":"From attribution maps to human-understandable explanations through Concept Relevance Propagation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386897466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00711-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00711-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019269807","display_name":"Reduan Achtibat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0052-3836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reduan Achtibat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0052-3836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085326398","display_name":"Maximilian Dreyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9069-6265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Dreyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052913171","display_name":"Ilona Eisenbraun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilona Eisenbraun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020506776","display_name":"Sebastian Bosse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-3904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Bosse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034084717","display_name":"Thomas Wiegand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-2581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727010","display_name":"Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data","ror":"https://ror.org/05dsfb086","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Wiegand","raw_affiliation_strings":["BIFOLD \u2013 Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIFOLD \u2013 Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026451495","display_name":"Wojciech Samek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-3265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727010","display_name":"Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data","ror":"https://ror.org/05dsfb086","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Samek","raw_affiliation_strings":["BIFOLD \u2013 Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-3265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIFOLD \u2013 Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017608155","display_name":"Sebastian Lapuschkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-7258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Lapuschkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-7258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"fwci":24.6373,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99705247,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"9","first_page":"1006","last_page":"1019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7580727338790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6640796661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5349791049957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5217900276184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.5107743740081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5025286674499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48584434390068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4636908769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1413668394088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09261780977249146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7580727338790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6640796661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5349791049957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5217900276184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.5107743740081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5025286674499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48584434390068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4636908769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1413668394088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09261780977249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00711-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/464014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/464014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00711-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321773","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkkdn48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325582","display_name":"Karl-Franzens-Universit\u00e4t Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/01faaaf77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326239","display_name":"Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386897466.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1915485278","https://openalex.org/W2116614419","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2343061342","https://openalex.org/W2606347107","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2747329762","https://openalex.org/W2773497437","https://openalex.org/W2796885425","https://openalex.org/W2810602713","https://openalex.org/W2811104224","https://openalex.org/W2895472239","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921802966","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2951506741","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963749936","https://openalex.org/W2964045325","https://openalex.org/W2969224142","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2973136764","https://openalex.org/W2999044305","https://openalex.org/W3004725381","https://openalex.org/W3007960301","https://openalex.org/W3048549109","https://openalex.org/W3082665562","https://openalex.org/W3091589898","https://openalex.org/W3099518626","https://openalex.org/W3108823960","https://openalex.org/W3113107791","https://openalex.org/W3132191748","https://openalex.org/W3133523710","https://openalex.org/W3134095442","https://openalex.org/W3134751001","https://openalex.org/W3191346550","https://openalex.org/W4225850544","https://openalex.org/W4226186560","https://openalex.org/W4229494842","https://openalex.org/W4231799185","https://openalex.org/W4281796627","https://openalex.org/W4322759118","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6894181033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035546108","https://openalex.org/W2376361520","https://openalex.org/W2133328864","https://openalex.org/W2093949997","https://openalex.org/W2570200690","https://openalex.org/W2389726244","https://openalex.org/W3030478661","https://openalex.org/W2323536476","https://openalex.org/W2104624653","https://openalex.org/W2128730003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"field":[2],"of":[3,30,62,73,114,147],"explainable":[4],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(XAI)":[7],"aims":[8],"to":[9,12,58,78,124],"bring":[10],"transparency":[11],"today\u2019s":[13],"powerful":[14],"but":[15],"opaque":[16],"deep":[17,131],"learning":[18],"models.":[19],"While":[20],"local":[21,93],"XAI":[22],"methods":[23],"explain":[24],"individual":[25,108],"predictions":[26],"in":[27,117,153],"the":[28,71,75,79,84,92,102,112,134],"form":[29],"attribution":[31],"maps,":[32],"thereby":[33],"identifying":[34],"\u2018where\u2019":[35,103],"important":[36],"features":[37],"occur":[38],"(but":[39],"not":[40],"providing":[41],"information":[42],"about":[43],"\u2018what\u2019":[44,105],"they":[45],"represent),":[46],"global":[47,95],"explanation":[48],"techniques":[49],"visualize":[50],"what":[51],"concepts":[52],"a":[53],"model":[54],"has":[55],"generally":[56],"learned":[57],"encode.":[59],"Both":[60],"types":[61],"method":[63,116],"thus":[64,98],"provide":[65],"only":[66],"partial":[67],"insights":[68,132],"and":[69,94,97,104,129,137,144,150],"leave":[70],"burden":[72],"interpreting":[74],"model\u2019s":[76,135],"reasoning":[77,138],"user.":[80],"Here":[81],"we":[82],"introduce":[83],"Concept":[85],"Relevance":[86],"Propagation":[87],"(CRP)":[88],"approach,":[89],"which":[90],"combines":[91],"perspectives":[96],"allows":[99],"answering":[100],"both":[101],"questions":[106],"for":[107],"predictions.":[109],"We":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"capability":[113],"our":[115],"various":[118],"settings,":[119],"showcasing":[120],"that":[121],"CRP":[122],"leads":[123],"more":[125],"human":[126],"interpretable":[127],"explanations":[128],"provides":[130],"into":[133],"representation":[136],"through":[139],"concept":[140,148],"atlases,":[141],"concept-composition":[142],"analyses,":[143],"quantitative":[145],"investigations":[146],"subspaces":[149],"their":[151],"role":[152],"fine-grained":[154],"decision-making.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2023-09-21T00:00:00"}
