{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320486502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5","title":"Echo state graph neural networks with analogue random resistive memory arrays","display_name":"Echo state graph neural networks with analogue random resistive memory arrays","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320486502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00609-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00609-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083897792","display_name":"Shaocong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaocong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421744","display_name":"Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-8550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068851680","display_name":"Dingchen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-1626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071605573","display_name":"Woyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330050","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-4288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049715624","display_name":"Danian Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-687X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danian Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008931896","display_name":"Songqi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102860593","display_name":"Xumeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-151X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xumeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049088847","display_name":"Peng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-8063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011604061","display_name":"Claudio Gallicchio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Gallicchio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049920459","display_name":"Xiaoxin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0277-1314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453158","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-831X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077687075","display_name":"Kwang\u2010Ting Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-4912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Ting Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090042508","display_name":"Zhongrui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-0677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongrui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005469683","display_name":"Dashan Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-8390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dashan Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347764","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-7547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083897792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"fwci":10.1957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98814636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"104","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7247951030731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5664804577827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5406413078308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48685377836227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.41529688239097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35582756996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35067325830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3474482297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24719348549842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17690840363502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10205340385437012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7247951030731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5664804577827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5406413078308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48685377836227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.41529688239097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35582756996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35067325830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3474482297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24719348549842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17690840363502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10205340385437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00609-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-124574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-124574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1174325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00609-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00609-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00609-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1411627799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB44000000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G178923758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61888102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1971515122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2528170782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"210006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3542340168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3600810763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61888102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4133108643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB44000000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4624594133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MHP/066/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5135787991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5500556011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"122004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G55326115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6212200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G559274029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB4400000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5616351183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6551334861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0701500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6656473614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z210006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7119878040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61821091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208342437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8802159090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6182109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320486502.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1975647260","https://openalex.org/W1980490877","https://openalex.org/W2004823737","https://openalex.org/W2008857988","https://openalex.org/W2056562706","https://openalex.org/W2070856049","https://openalex.org/W2071947829","https://openalex.org/W2074357625","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2118706537","https://openalex.org/W2139906443","https://openalex.org/W2153513200","https://openalex.org/W2155954834","https://openalex.org/W2171865010","https://openalex.org/W2585407525","https://openalex.org/W2613205562","https://openalex.org/W2762731122","https://openalex.org/W2769049661","https://openalex.org/W2772397789","https://openalex.org/W2778935320","https://openalex.org/W2782791387","https://openalex.org/W2785141883","https://openalex.org/W2788919350","https://openalex.org/W2793600158","https://openalex.org/W2800264288","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2910318317","https://openalex.org/W2913825337","https://openalex.org/W2914721378","https://openalex.org/W2926442184","https://openalex.org/W2945427955","https://openalex.org/W2948035163","https://openalex.org/W2948661249","https://openalex.org/W2960778947","https://openalex.org/W2962903741","https://openalex.org/W2964051675","https://openalex.org/W2964263004","https://openalex.org/W2979589704","https://openalex.org/W2997785591","https://openalex.org/W2997992893","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3004360755","https://openalex.org/W3010339880","https://openalex.org/W3013080934","https://openalex.org/W3032819016","https://openalex.org/W3035400263","https://openalex.org/W3039560462","https://openalex.org/W3042167479","https://openalex.org/W3044192339","https://openalex.org/W3046016807","https://openalex.org/W3049461533","https://openalex.org/W3080915835","https://openalex.org/W3091977376","https://openalex.org/W3098480967","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101272433","https://openalex.org/W3112668161","https://openalex.org/W3122214732","https://openalex.org/W3125908175","https://openalex.org/W3158116664","https://openalex.org/W3171752851","https://openalex.org/W3204457379","https://openalex.org/W4254436426","https://openalex.org/W6682839888","https://openalex.org/W6730393660","https://openalex.org/W6945473294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657880117","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W1001352512","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W2545245183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Recent":[1],"years":[2],"have":[3],"witnessed":[4],"a":[5,71,78,180,189,213],"surge":[6],"of":[7,12,47,118,200],"interest":[8],"in":[9,121,128,176],"learning":[10,29],"representations":[11],"graph-structured":[13,33],"data,":[14,34],"with":[15,205],"applications":[16],"from":[17,102],"social":[18],"networks":[19],"to":[20,51,81,124,142,212],"drug":[21],"discovery.":[22],"However,":[23],"graph":[24,90,155,207,222],"neural":[25,91],"networks,":[26],"the":[27,45,56,115,138,158,167],"machine":[28],"models":[30],"for":[31,108,130,179,216,221],"handling":[32],"face":[35],"significant":[36],"challenges":[37],"when":[38],"running":[39],"on":[40,94,153],"conventional":[41,206],"digital":[42],"hardware,":[43],"including":[44],"slowdown":[46],"Moore\u2019s":[48],"law":[49],"due":[50],"transistor":[52],"scaling":[53],"limits":[54],"and":[55,65,105,145,160,163,173,194,197],"von":[57],"Neumann":[58],"bottleneck":[59],"incurred":[60],"by":[61,85],"physically":[62],"separated":[63],"memory":[64,97],"processing":[66,192],"units,":[67],"as":[68,70],"well":[69],"high":[72],"training":[73,139],"cost.":[74],"Here":[75],"we":[76],"present":[77],"hardware\u2013software":[79],"co-design":[80],"address":[82],"these":[83],"challenges,":[84],"designing":[86],"an":[87,131],"echo":[88,132],"state":[89,133],"network":[92,134],"based":[93],"random":[95,126,146,182],"resistive":[96,122,183],"arrays,":[98],"which":[99],"are":[100],"built":[101],"low-cost,":[103],"nanoscale":[104],"stackable":[106],"resistors":[107],"efficient":[109],"in-memory":[110],"computing.":[111],"This":[112],"approach":[113],"leverages":[114],"intrinsic":[116],"stochasticity":[117],"dielectric":[119],"breakdown":[120],"switching":[123],"implement":[125],"projections":[127],"hardware":[129],"that":[135],"effectively":[136],"minimizes":[137],"complexity":[140,203],"thanks":[141],"its":[143],"fixed":[144],"weights.":[147],"The":[148,209],"system":[149,187],"demonstrates":[150],"state-of-the-art":[151,190],"performance":[152],"both":[154],"classification":[156,165],"using":[157,166],"MUTAG":[159],"COLLAB":[161],"datasets":[162],"node":[164],"CORA":[168],"dataset,":[169],"achieving":[170],"2.16\u00d7,":[171],"35.42\u00d7":[172],"40.37\u00d7":[174],"improvements":[175],"energy":[177],"efficiency":[178],"projected":[181],"memory-based":[184],"hybrid":[185],"analogue\u2013digital":[186],"over":[188],"graphics":[191],"unit":[193],"99.35%,":[195],"99.99%":[196],"91.40%":[198],"reductions":[199],"backward":[201],"pass":[202],"compared":[204],"learning.":[208,223],"results":[210],"point":[211],"promising":[214],"direction":[215],"next-generation":[217],"artificial":[218],"intelligence":[219],"systems":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2023-02-14T00:00:00"}