{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296686121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0","title":"Distinguishing two features of accountability for AI technologies","display_name":"Distinguishing two features of accountability for AI technologies","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296686121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00533-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00533-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069917281","display_name":"Zo\u00eb Porter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-3288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zoe Porter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-3288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071163488","display_name":"Annette Zimmermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-550X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annette Zimmermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-550X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010733624","display_name":"Phillip Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-4216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["York Law School, University of York, York, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-4216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York Law School, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025927902","display_name":"John McDermid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John McDermid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028754426","display_name":"Tom Lawton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-8127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166758","display_name":"Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/05gekvn04","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Lawton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-8127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017840476","display_name":"Ibrahim Habli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-8238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Habli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assuring Autonomy International Programme, Institute for Safe Autonomy, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069917281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":{"value":11690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91923407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"9","first_page":"734","last_page":"736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.9572142362594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.45784467458724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3638647496700287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.32479041814804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3236672878265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.32145896553993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.06280249357223511}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.9572142362594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45784467458724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3638647496700287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32479041814804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3236672878265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.32145896553993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06280249357223511}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00533-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:191455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-4216>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/191455/1/Distinguishing_two_features_of_accountability_for_AI_technologies_Nature_Machine_Intelligence_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00533-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00533-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8300432693","display_name":"Assuring Responsibility for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/W011239/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309434","display_name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325699","display_name":"Lloyd's Register","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296686121.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296686121.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557385649","https://openalex.org/W2137209613","https://openalex.org/W2148223342","https://openalex.org/W2575439561","https://openalex.org/W3096085788","https://openalex.org/W3134362900","https://openalex.org/W3184097711","https://openalex.org/W3189108721","https://openalex.org/W3195947859","https://openalex.org/W4200303997","https://openalex.org/W4234388913","https://openalex.org/W4237034108","https://openalex.org/W4283157073","https://openalex.org/W4283160796","https://openalex.org/W4283170465","https://openalex.org/W4300005038","https://openalex.org/W4317410181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}