{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220723906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00428-6","title":"Interpreting neural networks for biological sequences by learning stochastic masks","display_name":"Interpreting neural networks for biological sequences by learning stochastic masks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220723906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00428-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35966405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00428-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00428-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9373874","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008646125","display_name":"Johannes Linder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-7292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Linder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington","Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-7292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010584070","display_name":"Alyssa La Fleur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-9841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyssa La Fleur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington","Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067021586","display_name":"Zibo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-2895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington","Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049578097","display_name":"Ajasja Ljubeti\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-1579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajasja Ljubeti\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-1579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053192926","display_name":"David Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington","Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722219","display_name":"Sreeram Kannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sreeram Kannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021731745","display_name":"Georg Seelig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Seelig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington","Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008646125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91035291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7223947048187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.6564189195632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6341522336006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5758990049362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5271617770195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4745819568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4672750234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45025527477264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15649673342704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.09713152050971985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7223947048187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.6564189195632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6341522336006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5758990049362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5271617770195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4745819568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4672750234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45025527477264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15649673342704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09713152050971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00428-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00428-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35966405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35966405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9373874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9373874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nat Mach Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9373874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9373874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nat Mach Intell","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6600482099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21HG010945","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G852617122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021552","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W1019830208","https://openalex.org/W1515544560","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1985267020","https://openalex.org/W2031276095","https://openalex.org/W2044853778","https://openalex.org/W2051877901","https://openalex.org/W2062299199","https://openalex.org/W2075862115","https://openalex.org/W2087789109","https://openalex.org/W2091808830","https://openalex.org/W2092318974","https://openalex.org/W2101975376","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2151581834","https://openalex.org/W2152974197","https://openalex.org/W2172208515","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2198606573","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2345512687","https://openalex.org/W2399603932","https://openalex.org/W2525507785","https://openalex.org/W2606439133","https://openalex.org/W2606462007","https://openalex.org/W2797944611","https://openalex.org/W2800857888","https://openalex.org/W2904947448","https://openalex.org/W2909194804","https://openalex.org/W2918497364","https://openalex.org/W2935703330","https://openalex.org/W2940943632","https://openalex.org/W2948558658","https://openalex.org/W2951218167","https://openalex.org/W2952239877","https://openalex.org/W2953306855","https://openalex.org/W2955231772","https://openalex.org/W2963266267","https://openalex.org/W2963468488","https://openalex.org/W2972657874","https://openalex.org/W2988157455","https://openalex.org/W2997063462","https://openalex.org/W2997234557","https://openalex.org/W2999044305","https://openalex.org/W3003038853","https://openalex.org/W3028123349","https://openalex.org/W3032045451","https://openalex.org/W3081278968","https://openalex.org/W3101609372","https://openalex.org/W3130819465","https://openalex.org/W3134186384","https://openalex.org/W3159968191","https://openalex.org/W3205470891","https://openalex.org/W3216341763","https://openalex.org/W4220723906","https://openalex.org/W6968581583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329500892","https://openalex.org/W28991112","https://openalex.org/W2370726991","https://openalex.org/W2369710579","https://openalex.org/W4327728159","https://openalex.org/W4394266730","https://openalex.org/W1990856605","https://openalex.org/W4388913932","https://openalex.org/W4309130263","https://openalex.org/W2138022083"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
