{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158424320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00393-0","title":"Iterative human and automated identification of wildlife images","display_name":"Iterative human and automated identification of wildlife images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158424320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00393-0","mag":"3158424320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00393-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00393-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.02320","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069470446","display_name":"Zhongqi Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-8592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqi Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406050","display_name":"Ziwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-5958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083615087","display_name":"Kaitlyn M. Gaynor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5747-0543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100421","display_name":"National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis","ror":"https://ror.org/0146z4r19","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I4210100421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitlyn M. Gaynor","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Univ. of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100421","https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Univ. of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100421","https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024463603","display_name":"Meredith S. Palmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith S. Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, University, Princeton, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, University, Princeton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042014034","display_name":"Stella X. Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3507-5761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stella X. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052856233","display_name":"Wayne M. Getz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne M. Getz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069470446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76037847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"10","first_page":"885","last_page":"895"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.8445730209350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7751104831695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7074897289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6066083908081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5434941649436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife","display_name":"Wildlife","score":0.473445862531662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4652465581893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.0778193473815918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.8445730209350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7751104831695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7074897289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6066083908081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5434941649436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.473445862531662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4652465581893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0778193473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00393-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00393-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.02320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.02320","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.02320","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3158424320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.02320.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.02320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.02320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.24433/co.6163540.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24433/co.6163540.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052302","display_name":"Code Ocean","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.02320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.02320","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.02320","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2246073349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRFB #1810586","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540603422","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2002682820","https://openalex.org/W2010635848","https://openalex.org/W2026407741","https://openalex.org/W2055032654","https://openalex.org/W2057730136","https://openalex.org/W2100135944","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2120939234","https://openalex.org/W2150066023","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233976030","https://openalex.org/W2413367505","https://openalex.org/W2464739551","https://openalex.org/W2493321289","https://openalex.org/W2498805680","https://openalex.org/W2563540059","https://openalex.org/W2574106163","https://openalex.org/W2708941183","https://openalex.org/W2753766403","https://openalex.org/W2755840324","https://openalex.org/W2769210209","https://openalex.org/W2769601300","https://openalex.org/W2883386984","https://openalex.org/W2895082331","https://openalex.org/W2947469701","https://openalex.org/W2952113774","https://openalex.org/W2953494151","https://openalex.org/W2962933664","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2973643000","https://openalex.org/W2975838896","https://openalex.org/W2982011285","https://openalex.org/W3004612232","https://openalex.org/W3004769034","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3009074285","https://openalex.org/W3011707748","https://openalex.org/W3034478348","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3087570018","https://openalex.org/W3092527263","https://openalex.org/W3093414036","https://openalex.org/W3111804165","https://openalex.org/W3122491940","https://openalex.org/W3131523960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790591169","https://openalex.org/W3081463359","https://openalex.org/W2889815790","https://openalex.org/W2527844950","https://openalex.org/W3044734958","https://openalex.org/W2735173338","https://openalex.org/W3015072142","https://openalex.org/W3192288848","https://openalex.org/W3041325230","https://openalex.org/W3045737122","https://openalex.org/W3134755123","https://openalex.org/W2128122852","https://openalex.org/W3206594059","https://openalex.org/W1967561296","https://openalex.org/W3196650609","https://openalex.org/W2087631166","https://openalex.org/W2126574516","https://openalex.org/W3111709423","https://openalex.org/W1510490268","https://openalex.org/W2949060573"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}