{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129979751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00296-0","title":"A definition, benchmark and database of AI for social good initiatives","display_name":"A definition, benchmark and database of AI for social good initiatives","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129979751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00296-0","mag":"3129979751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00296-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00296-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/COWADB.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011861720","display_name":"Josh Cowls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8545-5068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josh Cowls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067850526","display_name":"Andreas Tsamados","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Tsamados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003032735","display_name":"Mariarosaria Taddeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-649X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariarosaria Taddeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046574356","display_name":"Luciano Floridi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Floridi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011861720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210128584"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8523,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":183,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97488862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"111","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.801501989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.5672035217285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4846971035003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36224275827407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3319700360298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08087864518165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.0523512065410614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.801501989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.5672035217285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4846971035003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36224275827407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3319700360298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08087864518165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0523512065410614}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00296-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00296-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/COWADB","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/COWADB","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/COWADB.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/COWADB","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/COWADB","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402131","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/COWADB","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/COWADB","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/COWADB.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5200103761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Doctoral Scholarship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","display_name":"Microsoft","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308737","display_name":"Facebook","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","display_name":"Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129979751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129979751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075045151","https://openalex.org/W2193121729","https://openalex.org/W2547186581","https://openalex.org/W2888649442","https://openalex.org/W2902804678","https://openalex.org/W2929028679","https://openalex.org/W2953532875","https://openalex.org/W2954266614","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2995382404","https://openalex.org/W3000603264","https://openalex.org/W3003162384","https://openalex.org/W3014499801","https://openalex.org/W3018520061","https://openalex.org/W3087156149","https://openalex.org/W6758436374","https://openalex.org/W6764204198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}