{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093849377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","title":"The rise of robots in surgical environments during COVID-19","display_name":"The rise of robots in surgical environments during COVID-19","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093849377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","mag":"3093849377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00238-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00238-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034918626","display_name":"Ajmal Zemmar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-3338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799337515","display_name":"Toronto Western Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qv8yq19","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2799337515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ajmal Zemmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Henan University People\u2019s Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China","Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-3338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Henan University People\u2019s Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534","https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799337515","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534","https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071124477","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s M. Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-3694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799337515","display_name":"Toronto Western Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qv8yq19","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2799337515"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres M. Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799337515","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006427311","display_name":"Bradley J. Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-6987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley J. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034918626"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I173899330","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I2799337515","https://openalex.org/I4210133534"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.9824,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":177,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99800819,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"10","first_page":"566","last_page":"572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11296","display_name":"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.7564842700958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6014614105224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.5433961749076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.49854040145874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.4422321021556854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4371987581253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.4210623800754547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.42035049200057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.40151455998420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.3424985408782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3036973476409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23176568746566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18890061974525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.12031671404838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.11787974834442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09016343951225281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7564842700958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6014614105224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5433961749076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.49854040145874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4422321021556854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4371987581253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.4210623800754547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.42035049200057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40151455998420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3424985408782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3036973476409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23176568746566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18890061974525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.12031671404838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11787974834442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09016343951225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00238-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00238-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-020-00238-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912241403","display_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2522-5839","issn":["2522-5839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321652","display_name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327714","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329523","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093849377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093849377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966531554","https://openalex.org/W1986412680","https://openalex.org/W1996204555","https://openalex.org/W2025543453","https://openalex.org/W2027532855","https://openalex.org/W2030790564","https://openalex.org/W2031576182","https://openalex.org/W2035577396","https://openalex.org/W2036032992","https://openalex.org/W2036993886","https://openalex.org/W2037988980","https://openalex.org/W2045722096","https://openalex.org/W2046903599","https://openalex.org/W2057237835","https://openalex.org/W2062510093","https://openalex.org/W2072206218","https://openalex.org/W2076188106","https://openalex.org/W2084589820","https://openalex.org/W2090487945","https://openalex.org/W2107507471","https://openalex.org/W2112784487","https://openalex.org/W2115371897","https://openalex.org/W2137685605","https://openalex.org/W2143009631","https://openalex.org/W2155512611","https://openalex.org/W2158372498","https://openalex.org/W2168046319","https://openalex.org/W2172879559","https://openalex.org/W2414307141","https://openalex.org/W2565876008","https://openalex.org/W2573978544","https://openalex.org/W2592716554","https://openalex.org/W2690512275","https://openalex.org/W2757713713","https://openalex.org/W2757849164","https://openalex.org/W2765892522","https://openalex.org/W2771636580","https://openalex.org/W2781706523","https://openalex.org/W2791737997","https://openalex.org/W2799877298","https://openalex.org/W2891949205","https://openalex.org/W2919629852","https://openalex.org/W2930849944","https://openalex.org/W2952366787","https://openalex.org/W2972482174","https://openalex.org/W2973108329","https://openalex.org/W2990076002","https://openalex.org/W2998557641","https://openalex.org/W2999108095","https://openalex.org/W2999113751","https://openalex.org/W3001232631","https://openalex.org/W3001273106","https://openalex.org/W3003465021","https://openalex.org/W3003668884","https://openalex.org/W3005079553","https://openalex.org/W3006293443","https://openalex.org/W3012099172","https://openalex.org/W3012780255","https://openalex.org/W3013336049","https://openalex.org/W3013618782","https://openalex.org/W3013748299","https://openalex.org/W3014774132","https://openalex.org/W3018828845","https://openalex.org/W3022706795","https://openalex.org/W3036183319","https://openalex.org/W3037354341","https://openalex.org/W3165656738","https://openalex.org/W4206534230","https://openalex.org/W4235993432","https://openalex.org/W4245517064","https://openalex.org/W4250303969","https://openalex.org/W6738704341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136336094","https://openalex.org/W4200558412","https://openalex.org/W120539917","https://openalex.org/W3165628818","https://openalex.org/W4281740907","https://openalex.org/W4281257067","https://openalex.org/W3131084444","https://openalex.org/W3118468330","https://openalex.org/W3117641683","https://openalex.org/W3135485202"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
