{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125784559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","title":"Context-dependent placebo hypoalgesia through observational learning: the role of empathy in immersive and non-immersive environments","display_name":"Context-dependent placebo hypoalgesia through observational learning: the role of empathy in immersive and non-immersive environments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125784559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41593355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02373-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02373-3_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124048174","display_name":"Jewel N. White","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jewel N. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123900580","display_name":"Lakota Watson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakota Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123969694","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124051662","display_name":"Giancarlo Colloca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giancarlo Colloca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology PhD Program, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology PhD Program, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123917834","display_name":"Jonathan Michael Heagerty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Michael Heagerty","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123917027","display_name":"Sida Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sida Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123940040","display_name":"Barbara Brawn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Brawn","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086440196","display_name":"Amitabh Varshney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-2212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amitabh Varshney","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113790108","display_name":"Roni Shafir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roni Shafir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123911150","display_name":"Carmen-\u00c9dith Belle\u00ef-Rodriguez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen-\u00c9dith Belle\u00ef-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada","Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123882322","display_name":"Luana Colloca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luana Colloca","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA. colloca@umaryland.edu","Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA. colloca@umaryland.edu","Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA. colloca@umaryland.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA. colloca@umaryland.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA. colloca@umaryland.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Placebo Beyond Opinions Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA. colloca@umaryland.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123882322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593","https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08931588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12035","display_name":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","score":0.9344000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12035","display_name":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","score":0.9344000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.02070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.8640999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo","display_name":"Placebo","score":0.8246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoalgesia","display_name":"Hypoalgesia","score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analgesic","display_name":"Analgesic","score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cognition","display_name":"Social cognition","score":0.29760000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.8640999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.8246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6502000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781199918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3144243","display_name":"Hypoalgesia","level":5,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86658582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432778","display_name":"Social cognition","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14564219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383646","display_name":"Social cognitive theory","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02373-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41593355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41593355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8a19caebca3452eb2d1cab40ae82a02","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8a19caebca3452eb2d1cab40ae82a02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12949248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12949248/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02373-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02373-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7753589749336243,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1666075324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5TL1TR003100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2614050936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 DE032532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/004a2wv92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125784559.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30449897","https://openalex.org/W1501148792","https://openalex.org/W1935940124","https://openalex.org/W1937787334","https://openalex.org/W1968353531","https://openalex.org/W1968372229","https://openalex.org/W1968483180","https://openalex.org/W1973808738","https://openalex.org/W1984148748","https://openalex.org/W1995255151","https://openalex.org/W1997688782","https://openalex.org/W2001653987","https://openalex.org/W2001864274","https://openalex.org/W2004179226","https://openalex.org/W2016634393","https://openalex.org/W2023335429","https://openalex.org/W2023645850","https://openalex.org/W2027720123","https://openalex.org/W2030830092","https://openalex.org/W2034120147","https://openalex.org/W2034182388","https://openalex.org/W2035354360","https://openalex.org/W2060382453","https://openalex.org/W2063542227","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2093274439","https://openalex.org/W2096416725","https://openalex.org/W2097166998","https://openalex.org/W2099427868","https://openalex.org/W2102139150","https://openalex.org/W2111955489","https://openalex.org/W2114648973","https://openalex.org/W2117932980","https://openalex.org/W2133687031","https://openalex.org/W2136404388","https://openalex.org/W2145931445","https://openalex.org/W2146231582","https://openalex.org/W2168067765","https://openalex.org/W2169836118","https://openalex.org/W2171586605","https://openalex.org/W2181253113","https://openalex.org/W2289218669","https://openalex.org/W2412802161","https://openalex.org/W2462012110","https://openalex.org/W2522276591","https://openalex.org/W2610633447","https://openalex.org/W2704981633","https://openalex.org/W2752018620","https://openalex.org/W2770467063","https://openalex.org/W2801827556","https://openalex.org/W2888849277","https://openalex.org/W2944434778","https://openalex.org/W2958931065","https://openalex.org/W2996778836","https://openalex.org/W2997149757","https://openalex.org/W3012869456","https://openalex.org/W3013475176","https://openalex.org/W3016411553","https://openalex.org/W3080078178","https://openalex.org/W3125253749","https://openalex.org/W3175125592","https://openalex.org/W3176708057","https://openalex.org/W3206470822","https://openalex.org/W4238079920","https://openalex.org/W4247995469","https://openalex.org/W4317213439","https://openalex.org/W4380870786","https://openalex.org/W4386688208","https://openalex.org/W4386814141","https://openalex.org/W4392405839","https://openalex.org/W4396900454","https://openalex.org/W4413110771","https://openalex.org/W4415601443"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"environments":[1],"are":[2],"increasingly":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,31,116],"study":[6],"social":[7,142],"and":[8,12,28,45,80,137],"pain-related":[9],"behaviors.":[10],"Empathy":[11],"contextual":[13],"factors":[14],"influence":[15],"observationally":[16],"induced":[17,73,108],"placebo":[18,50,75,89,110,145],"analgesia.":[19],"We":[20],"tested":[21],"whether":[22,46],"state":[23,124],"empathy":[24,92,118,125],"(i.e.,":[25],"immediate":[26],"affective":[27],"cognitive":[29,86],"responses":[30],"another's":[32],"experience)":[33],"differs":[34],"when":[35],"observing":[36,102],"a":[37,55],"demonstrator":[38,59,135],"in":[39,99,105,119],"immersive":[40],"VR":[41],"versus":[42],"2D":[43,100],"video,":[44],"this":[47],"modulation":[48],"affects":[49],"hypoalgesia.":[51],"Forty-seven":[52],"participants":[53],"observed":[54],"human":[56],"or":[57,64],"avatar":[58],"receiving":[60],"painful":[61],"stimulation":[62],"with":[63],"without":[65],"placebo,":[66],"then":[67],"experienced":[68],"the":[69,120,129,141],"same":[70],"stimulations.":[71],"Observation":[72],"significant":[74],"hypoalgesia":[76],"for":[77],"pain":[78],"intensity":[79],"unpleasantness.":[81],"Human":[82],"demonstrators":[83],"evoked":[84],"greater":[85,109],"empathy,":[87],"while":[88],"treatments":[90],"reduced":[91],"across":[93],"contexts.":[94],"Analgesic":[95],"effects":[96],"were":[97],"stronger":[98],"after":[101],"humans,":[103],"but":[104],"VR,":[106],"avatars":[107],"effects.":[111,146],"Placebo":[112],"responsiveness":[113],"was":[114],"related":[115],"trait":[117],"VR-Human":[121],"condition;":[122],"however,":[123],"did":[126],"not":[127],"mediate":[128],"effect.":[130],"Our":[131],"findings":[132],"highlight":[133],"that":[134],"characteristics":[136],"immersion":[138],"critically":[139],"shape":[140],"transfer":[143],"of":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}