{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125405645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","title":"Early diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis in primary care using multi-agent systems","display_name":"Early diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis in primary care using multi-agent systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125405645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41571772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02372-4_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02372-4_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031018543","display_name":"Xiaojian Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-191X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojian Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-191X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123566411","display_name":"Zhuofeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuofeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, BNRIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2781-6698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, BNRIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113260099","display_name":"Lulu Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3132-8589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China","Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3132-8589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087076664","display_name":"Lidong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-187X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-187X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123616457","display_name":"Yanyan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-9832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123622564","display_name":"Kui Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-0142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123580029","display_name":"Lianjie Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139292","display_name":"Peking University Shougang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040rwep31","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianjie Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8882-8870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123618686","display_name":"Meng Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104667","display_name":"Chengdu Military General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01bk73674","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-6230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lifeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-5605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143568","display_name":"Central Hospital of Wuhan","ror":"https://ror.org/04qs2sz84","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143568"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-5605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143568"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123551088","display_name":"Lin Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129955","display_name":"General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region","ror":"https://ror.org/0340t0585","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4538-5366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123558870","display_name":"Jing Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-9535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123547764","display_name":"An\u2019an Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An\u2019an Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2325-2918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123549107","display_name":"Lei Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9154-7558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123624006","display_name":"Yimin Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5646-8387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123548300","display_name":"Huatao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huatao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5894-9221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123546063","display_name":"Jingming Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2777-3855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ying Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4345-0151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4345-0151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072950638","display_name":"Wenqian Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqian Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7875-0575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123560198","display_name":"Zheng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7391-4001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123553460","display_name":"Jian Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-9917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123580466","display_name":"Feng Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-873X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2070-5768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, BNRIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. 28820327@qq.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2070-5768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, BNRIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. 28820327@qq.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123600220","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. litao30lhospital@163.com","National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. litao30lhospital@163.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8013-8282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. litao30lhospital@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. litao30lhospital@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123630180","display_name":"Kunpeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. lkp_01@163.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-6198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. lkp_01@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":24,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123630180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11234898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11092","display_name":"Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments","score":0.8080999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11092","display_name":"Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments","score":0.8080999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.04540000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.03689999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-spondyloarthritis","display_name":"Axial spondyloarthritis","score":0.9021999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"Primary care","score":0.7469000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankylosing-spondylitis","display_name":"Ankylosing spondylitis","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.3736000061035156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776213234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28867094","display_name":"Axial spondyloarthritis","level":4,"score":0.9021999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.7469000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52849","display_name":"Ankylosing spondylitis","level":2,"score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779650986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165411","display_name":"Spondylitis","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163432668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623543","display_name":"Primary health care","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987552334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383126","display_name":"Chronic disease","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781158071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55379489","display_name":"Primary care physician","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107439039","display_name":"Disease management","level":4,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02372-4_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41571772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41571772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:147b646d326e4291b78a3e4d8d3a5317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/147b646d326e4291b78a3e4d8d3a5317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12923722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12923722/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02372-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02372-4_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.507789671421051,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3606795174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0140409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325891","display_name":"General Hospital of People\u2019s Liberation Army","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125405645.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125405645.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015406536","https://openalex.org/W2135133176","https://openalex.org/W2166560806","https://openalex.org/W2220479222","https://openalex.org/W2551553661","https://openalex.org/W2942381161","https://openalex.org/W2963716420","https://openalex.org/W3002791120","https://openalex.org/W3089925923","https://openalex.org/W3120984456","https://openalex.org/W3126764658","https://openalex.org/W3157780157","https://openalex.org/W3160942773","https://openalex.org/W3164112370","https://openalex.org/W3175345878","https://openalex.org/W3181612212","https://openalex.org/W3214587930","https://openalex.org/W4200322391","https://openalex.org/W4210444678","https://openalex.org/W4224309815","https://openalex.org/W4319461175","https://openalex.org/W4362473623","https://openalex.org/W4362510414","https://openalex.org/W4386274227","https://openalex.org/W4392730069","https://openalex.org/W4393234740","https://openalex.org/W4404827894","https://openalex.org/W4406314182","https://openalex.org/W4409211362","https://openalex.org/W4411802188","https://openalex.org/W4412065574"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Axial":[0],"spondyloarthritis":[1],"(axSpA)":[2],"is":[3,24],"an":[4,56,115,196],"inflammatory":[5],"disease":[6],"marked":[7,181],"by":[8,83],"chronic":[9],"low":[10],"back":[11],"pain,":[12],"with":[13,114,163],"a":[14,62,100,107],"global":[15],"average":[16],"diagnostic":[17,58,130,201],"delay":[18],"of":[19,118,134,138,169],"6.7":[20],"years.":[21],"Early":[22],"diagnosis":[23],"crucial":[25],"for":[26,86,125],"improving":[27],"prognosis":[28],"and":[29,46,51,70,80,106,136,142,144,154,160,177,185],"reducing":[30],"disability":[31],"rates,":[32],"yet":[33],"primary":[34],"care":[35],"physicians":[36],"(PCPs)":[37],"may":[38],"find":[39],"it":[40],"challenging":[41],"to":[42,167,199],"ensure":[43],"timely":[44],"recognition":[45],"referrals.":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49],"developed":[50],"validated":[52],"Spondyloarthritis":[53],"Agents":[54],"(SpAgents),":[55],"early":[57,190],"system":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"multi-agent":[63],"framework":[64,75],"integrating":[65],"large":[66],"language":[67],"models":[68],"(LLMs)":[69],"imaging":[71],"models.":[72],"The":[73],"SpAgents":[74,127,148,187],"includes":[76],"PlannerAgent,":[77],"DataAgent,":[78],"ToolAgent,":[79],"DoctorAgent,":[81],"supported":[82],"long-term":[84],"memory":[85],"dynamic":[87],"knowledge":[88],"updates.":[89],"We":[90],"enrolled":[91],"596":[92],"patients,":[93],"dividing":[94],"545":[95],"from":[96,121],"one":[97],"hospital":[98],"into":[99],"training":[101],"dataset":[102,109],"(n":[103,110],"=":[104,111],"359)":[105],"validation":[108],"186),":[112],"along":[113],"independent":[116],"cohort":[117],"51":[119],"patients":[120],"five":[122],"additional":[123],"hospitals":[124],"testing.":[126,147],"demonstrated":[128],"strong":[129],"performance,":[131],"achieving":[132],"sensitivity":[133,152,184],"0.8615":[135],"specificity":[137],"0.8000":[139],"during":[140,146],"validation,":[141],"0.9375":[143],"0.7368":[145],"exhibited":[149],"significantly":[150],"higher":[151],"(0.9400)":[153],"accuracy":[155],"(0.8600)":[156],"than":[157],"both":[158,175],"PCPs":[159,176],"junior":[161,178],"rheumatologists,":[162],"overall":[164],"performance":[165],"equivalent":[166],"that":[168],"senior":[170],"rheumatologists.":[171],"Under":[172],"SpAgents-assisted":[173],"diagnosis,":[174],"rheumatologists":[179],"showed":[180],"improvements":[182],"in":[183],"accuracy.":[186],"effectively":[188],"enhance":[189],"axSpA":[191],"identification":[192],"among":[193],"PCPs,":[194],"offering":[195],"innovative":[197],"solution":[198],"reduce":[200],"delays.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-01-23T00:00:00"}