{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117146724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","title":"Policy brief: ambient AI scribes and the coding arms race","display_name":"Policy brief: ambient AI scribes and the coding arms race","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117146724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41444833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02272-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02272-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121103140","display_name":"Tinglong Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148317","display_name":"Women's Health Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/05f7khr13","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tinglong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. dai@jhu.edu","Hopkins Business of Health Initiative, Washington, DC, USA. dai@jhu.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. dai@jhu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hopkins Business of Health Initiative, Washington, DC, USA. dai@jhu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059808008","display_name":"Joseph C. Kvedar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-2291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph C. Kvedar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072796055","display_name":"Daniel Polsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-9612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294174254","display_name":"Project HOPE","ror":"https://ror.org/02ved8513","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294174254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Polsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. polsky@jhu.edu","Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. polsky@jhu.edu","Hopkins Business of Health Initiative, Washington, DC, USA. polsky@jhu.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. polsky@jhu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. polsky@jhu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hopkins Business of Health Initiative, Washington, DC, USA. polsky@jhu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294174254"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121103140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210148317"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":0.6868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82644391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"780","last_page":"780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5151000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5151000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.05790000036358833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.7202000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-record","display_name":"Electronic health record","score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-privacy","display_name":"Patient privacy","score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-procedural-terminology","display_name":"Current Procedural Terminology","score":0.3181000053882599}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.7202000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910417920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116434","display_name":"Patient privacy","level":3,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779513377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964984","display_name":"Current Procedural Terminology","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777544581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931754","display_name":"Face value","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154874363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518464","display_name":"Medical classification","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02272-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41444833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41444833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b2824c119f04ad9ab42a07951677a33","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b2824c119f04ad9ab42a07951677a33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-4 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12738533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12738533/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02272-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02272-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117146724.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117146724.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400183385","https://openalex.org/W4402965656","https://openalex.org/W4412528223","https://openalex.org/W4416717391"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0],"AI":[1],"\u201cdigital":[2],"scribes\u201d":[3],"are":[4],"rapidly":[5],"moving":[6],"into":[7],"routine":[8],"practice,":[9],"easing":[10],"documentation":[11],"burden":[12],"and":[13,24,34,45,55,58],"physician":[14],"burnout.":[15],"Early":[16],"evidence":[17],"suggests":[18],"these":[19],"tools":[20],"can":[21],"increase":[22],"billing":[23],"risk-adjustment":[25],"coding":[26,67],"intensity,":[27],"prompting":[28],"payer":[29],"responses":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"downcoding":[33],"risk-score":[35],"recalibration.":[36],"This":[37],"Policy":[38],"Brief":[39],"contrasts":[40],"their":[41],"implications":[42],"in":[43],"fee-for-service":[44],"Medicare":[46],"Advantage":[47],"models,":[48],"notes":[49],"relevance":[50],"for":[51],"systems":[52],"blending":[53],"encounter-based":[54],"capitated":[56],"payment,":[57],"outlines":[59],"steps":[60],"to":[61],"preserve":[62],"value":[63],"without":[64],"fueling":[65],"a":[66],"arms":[68],"race.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}
