{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116748330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","title":"Deep learning-based non-contrast MRI model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis: an end-to-end gadolinium-free solution","display_name":"Deep learning-based non-contrast MRI model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis: an end-to-end gadolinium-free solution","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116748330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41430426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02247-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02247-0_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101377265","display_name":"Zhen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-8004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121019680","display_name":"Yiqian Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqian Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yuxuan_shi@fudan.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yuxuan_shi@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001999291","display_name":"L Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121014235","display_name":"Jiayu Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625388","display_name":"Xueli Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107606265","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueli Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Imaging and Data Sciences Platforms, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Data Sciences Platforms, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073712546","display_name":"Jonghye Woo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087356","display_name":"Gordon Center for Medical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/004y4rj95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087356","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonghye Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087356","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052273171","display_name":"Jingsong Ouyang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingsong Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101016199","display_name":"Jiyi Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093194","display_name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00my25942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143697","display_name":"Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0443s9p82","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143697"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147369","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Hematology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fz4ce66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143697"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120947165","display_name":"Di Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120982500","display_name":"Wentao Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048287146","display_name":"Xiaojing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-4933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144482","display_name":"Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049zrh188","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China","Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050781340","display_name":"H M Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144482","display_name":"Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049zrh188","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China","ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn","Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011498717","display_name":"Yongkang WANG","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111013","display_name":"Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/026axqv54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongkang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013204833","display_name":"Feidi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095236","display_name":"Suizhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00q3p9p08","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095236"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feidi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114060510","display_name":"Yafei Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafei Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350918","display_name":"Meng Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111013","display_name":"Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/026axqv54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050855503","display_name":"Shang Yuchen Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040815454","display_name":"X Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062168471","display_name":"Mingyan Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyan Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053436378","display_name":"Georges El Fakhri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-6993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges El Fakhri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026449552","display_name":"L. Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093194","display_name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00my25942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143697","display_name":"Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0443s9p82","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143697"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147369","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Hematology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fz4ce66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143697"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114175816","display_name":"Xicai Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xicai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011327183","display_name":"Yefeng Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yefeng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043823030","display_name":"Yuxuan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-6930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yuxuan_shi@fudan.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yuxuan_shi@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050781340","display_name":"H M Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144482","display_name":"Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049zrh188","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China","ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn","Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China. hongmengyush@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632350","display_name":"Xi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6924-4525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107606265","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112065","display_name":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wc1yz29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Imaging and Data Sciences Platforms, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Data Sciences Platforms, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaofeng.liu@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":26,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101377265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I4210112065"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":1.4342,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87380314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"786","last_page":"786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.6901000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.6901000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.07490000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma","display_name":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","score":0.7293000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.34779998660087585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778997737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1693598","display_name":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.7293000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02247-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41430426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41430426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49366ece8ac34fe6b245be8fb8a96480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49366ece8ac34fe6b245be8fb8a96480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12748797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12748797/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02247-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02247-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1352129664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82301276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6400026804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82501372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6475114722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-I2M-5-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7826963124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82371123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7116748330.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7116748330.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1831841265","https://openalex.org/W2001844373","https://openalex.org/W2137591261","https://openalex.org/W2155422340","https://openalex.org/W2191128648","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2487513284","https://openalex.org/W2508905027","https://openalex.org/W2654302544","https://openalex.org/W2742681205","https://openalex.org/W2759055943","https://openalex.org/W2921467276","https://openalex.org/W2924606427","https://openalex.org/W2944588218","https://openalex.org/W2954985757","https://openalex.org/W2963777628","https://openalex.org/W2980304664","https://openalex.org/W3010707384","https://openalex.org/W3018177167","https://openalex.org/W3115988948","https://openalex.org/W3121523901","https://openalex.org/W3178406751","https://openalex.org/W3208045032","https://openalex.org/W3213710568","https://openalex.org/W3215335628","https://openalex.org/W4225309445","https://openalex.org/W4293007919","https://openalex.org/W4296056059","https://openalex.org/W4392094314","https://openalex.org/W4392285067","https://openalex.org/W4394625794","https://openalex.org/W4411483113"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nasopharyngeal":[0],"carcinoma":[1],"(NPC)":[2],"diagnosis":[3,66,166,282],"and":[4,51,97,122,135,160,188,207,277],"routine":[5],"follow-up":[6],"for":[7,21,31,64,74,280],"recurrence":[8],"typically":[9],"rely":[10],"on":[11,126,180],"contrast-enhanced":[12,258],"MRI.":[13],"This":[14,36,79],"study":[15,101,229,268],"introduces":[16],"a":[17,107,117,224,274],"deep":[18,61],"learning":[19,62],"model":[20,63,113,156,175,220],"diagnosing":[22],"NPC":[23,65,165,246,281],"using":[24,67,116,167,247],"only":[25,68,82,248],"non-contrast":[26,69,249],"MRI,":[27,70,250],"reducing":[28,52,71],"the":[29,72,146,216,270],"need":[30,73],"gadolinium-based":[32,75],"contrast":[33,76],"agents":[34,77],"(GBCA).":[35,78],"approach":[37,80],"helps":[38],"avoid":[39],"safety":[40,85],"concerns":[41,86],"related":[42],"to":[43,257],"GBCA":[44,90],"deposition,":[45],"while":[46],"also":[47,93],"shortening":[48],"scan":[49,95],"times":[50],"costs.":[53,99],"In":[54,265],"this":[55,219,267],"study,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"an":[59,127,136],"innovative":[60],"not":[81,255],"mitigates":[83],"potential":[84,272],"associated":[87],"with":[88,240],"residual":[89],"deposition":[91],"but":[92],"reduces":[94],"time":[96],"examination":[98],"The":[100,173,236],"consisted":[102],"of":[103,119,204,218],"three":[104,168,212],"phases.":[105],"Firstly,":[106],"novel":[108],"knowledge":[109],"distilled":[110],"modality":[111],"fusion":[112],"is":[114],"developed":[115],"cohort":[118],"854":[120],"cases":[121],"tested":[123],"its":[124],"performance":[125,202],"internal":[128,182],"set":[129,139,191],"(257":[130],"cases,":[131,141],"AUC":[132,142],"=":[133,143],"0.95)":[134],"independent":[137],"external":[138,189],"(277":[140],"0.86).":[144],"Secondly,":[145],"proposed":[147,174],"method":[148],"was":[149,221],"compared":[150],"with:":[151],"(1)":[152],"Non-contrast":[153],"MRI":[154],"without":[155],"improvement":[157],"(Baseline":[158],"1)":[159],"(2)":[161],"current":[162],"virtual-contrast":[163],"enhancement-based":[164],"state-of-the-art":[169,213],"methods":[170],"(Baselines":[171],"2-4).":[172],"consistently":[176],"outperformed":[177],"Baselines":[178,199],"1":[179],"both":[181],"dataset":[183],"(AUC:":[184,192,260],"0.95":[185],"vs.":[186,194,262],"0.93)":[187],"test":[190],"0.86":[193],"0.82).":[195],"Additionally,":[196],"it":[197],"surpassed":[198],"2-4,":[200],"achieving":[201,251],"gains":[203],"6.7%,":[205],"69.8%,":[206],"28.6%":[208],"in":[209,283],"AUC,":[210],"over":[211],"methods.":[214],"Thirdly,":[215],"effectiveness":[217],"evaluated":[222],"through":[223],"fully":[225],"crossed":[226],"multi-reader,":[227],"multi-case":[228],"involving":[230],"13":[231],"readers":[232,243],"from":[233],"6":[234],"hospitals.":[235],"results":[237,252],"showed":[238],"that":[239,253],"AI":[241],"assistance,":[242],"could":[244],"diagnose":[245],"were":[254],"inferior":[256],"imaging":[259],"0.90":[261],"0.93,":[263],"p<0.01).":[264],"conclusion,":[266],"demonstrated":[269],"model's":[271],"as":[273],"safe,":[275],"cost-effective,":[276],"GBCA-free":[278],"option":[279],"clinical":[284],"practice.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}
