{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416719943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","title":"Machine learning identifies TIME subtypes linking EGFR mutations and immune states in lung adenocarcinoma","display_name":"Machine learning identifies TIME subtypes linking EGFR mutations and immune states in lung adenocarcinoma","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416719943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41299024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031333016","display_name":"Zetian Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-5285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zetian Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061932706","display_name":"Mingjun Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-6981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjun Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414172","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-9705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124997","display_name":"Second People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqxcg48","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210124997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087459565","display_name":"Bicheng Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bicheng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051203798","display_name":"Yuming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-326X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785510","display_name":"Hui Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-5004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801","https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392203","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1696-9759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048560948","display_name":"Liang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-9416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076941952","display_name":"Zongli Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124997","display_name":"Second People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqxcg48","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zongli Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China. zongliding2011@126.com","Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China. zongliding2011@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210124997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210124997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684253","display_name":"Pengpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-4884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802573037","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0152hn881","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802573037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. zpp19940120@tmu.edu.cn","Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. zpp19940120@tmu.edu.cn","Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. zpp19940120@tmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802573037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. zpp19940120@tmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802573037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076941952","https://openalex.org/A5100684253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I2802573037","https://openalex.org/I4210124997","https://openalex.org/I83519826"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":26.8786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99761141,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"796","last_page":"796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.5128999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.5128999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11297","display_name":"Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis","score":0.22609999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.16099999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.7214000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenocarcinoma","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma","score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidermal-growth-factor-receptor","display_name":"Epidermal growth factor receptor","score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-t-cell","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptome","display_name":"Transcriptome","score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-cytometry","display_name":"Mass cytometry","score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-cytometry","display_name":"Flow cytometry","score":0.4187000095844269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7214000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781182431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356033","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma","level":3,"score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424401","display_name":"Epidermal growth factor receptor","level":3,"score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778015335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17051163","display_name":"Mass cytometry","level":4,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553184892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141429","display_name":"Flow cytometry","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780580887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417824","display_name":"Gefitinib","level":4,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779563347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843799","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma of the lung","level":4,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781053074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21100639","display_name":"PD-L1","level":4,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41299024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41299024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94bcdd7b33d04f86b2adf9b5920c0377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94bcdd7b33d04f86b2adf9b5920c0377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12749019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12749019/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02172-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G847087707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21JCYBJC01020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009342562","https://openalex.org/W2026884886","https://openalex.org/W2157716612","https://openalex.org/W2159707944","https://openalex.org/W2565077351","https://openalex.org/W2625684877","https://openalex.org/W2770828094","https://openalex.org/W2791043965","https://openalex.org/W2791290180","https://openalex.org/W2889653218","https://openalex.org/W2894023816","https://openalex.org/W2952892955","https://openalex.org/W2963686803","https://openalex.org/W3139391091","https://openalex.org/W3143497075","https://openalex.org/W3164692211","https://openalex.org/W4205954020","https://openalex.org/W4206155926","https://openalex.org/W4210910593","https://openalex.org/W4213441758","https://openalex.org/W4220762010","https://openalex.org/W4296580702","https://openalex.org/W4308834549","https://openalex.org/W4324046169","https://openalex.org/W4379209546","https://openalex.org/W4384831732","https://openalex.org/W4386034505","https://openalex.org/W4386266752","https://openalex.org/W4390706158","https://openalex.org/W4392018740","https://openalex.org/W4393219015","https://openalex.org/W4393307632","https://openalex.org/W4399775599","https://openalex.org/W4400916290","https://openalex.org/W4401468056","https://openalex.org/W4401615897","https://openalex.org/W4403243250","https://openalex.org/W4405035217","https://openalex.org/W4406002944","https://openalex.org/W4406715969","https://openalex.org/W4408405912","https://openalex.org/W4408896223","https://openalex.org/W4409585685"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Epidermal":[0],"growth":[1],"factor":[2],"receptor":[3],"(EGFR)":[4],"mutation":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7],"key":[8],"oncogenic":[9],"driver":[10],"in":[11,133],"lung":[12],"adenocarcinoma":[13],"(LUAD),":[14],"but":[15],"its":[16],"impact":[17],"on":[18],"the":[19,116,138],"tumor":[20],"immune":[21,48],"microenvironment":[22],"(TIME)":[23],"remains":[24],"unclear.":[25],"By":[26],"integrating":[27],"single-cell":[28],"transcriptomes":[29],"from":[30],"153":[31],"LUAD":[32,135],"samples":[33],"using":[34],"machine":[35,141],"learning,":[36],"we":[37],"generated":[38],"an":[39,89],"atlas":[40],"of":[41,54,122,140],"over":[42],"one":[43],"million":[44],"cells":[45],"that":[46],"delineates":[47],"heterogeneity.":[49],"EGFR-mutant":[50,100,134],"tumors":[51,65],"exhibited":[52],"enrichment":[53],"TIGIT":[55],"+":[56,69,71,82,124],"regulatory":[57],"T":[58,74],"cells,":[59,75,79,87],"neutrophils,":[60],"and":[61,80,112,118,136],"macrophages,":[62],"whereas":[63],"wild-type":[64],"contained":[66],"abundant":[67],"ZNF683":[68],"CD8":[70],"tissue-resident":[72],"memory":[73,77],"diverse":[76],"B":[78],"FGFBP2":[81,123],"CD16":[83],"high":[84],"natural":[85],"killer":[86],"reflecting":[88],"immune-active":[90],"TIME.":[91],"Non-negative":[92],"matrix":[93],"factorization":[94],"defined":[95],"five":[96],"TIME":[97,131],"subtypes,":[98],"with":[99],"patients":[101],"clustering":[102],"into":[103],"immunosuppressive":[104],"profiles":[105],"linked":[106],"to":[107,145],"poor":[108],"prognosis.":[109],"Flow":[110],"cytometry":[111],"mouse":[113],"models":[114],"confirmed":[115],"cytotoxic":[117],"PD-1":[119],"blockade-enhancing":[120],"functions":[121],"NK":[125],"cells.":[126],"These":[127],"findings":[128],"reveal":[129],"distinct":[130],"landscapes":[132],"illustrate":[137],"potential":[139],"learning-based":[142],"immunogenomic":[143],"analysis":[144],"inform":[146],"precision":[147],"immunotherapy.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":52}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}