{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118119540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","title":"Powering responsible artificial intelligence with high-quality real-world data: the S-RACE platform for scalable, multi-specialty clinical research","display_name":"Powering responsible artificial intelligence with high-quality real-world data: the S-RACE platform for scalable, multi-specialty clinical research","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118119540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41484225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02132-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02132-w_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003244094","display_name":"Alberto Traverso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-3452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Traverso","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. traverso.alberto@hsr.it"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. traverso.alberto@hsr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094349004","display_name":"Donato Tiano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donato Tiano","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121886967","display_name":"Andrea Corvaglia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Corvaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107130327","display_name":"Alessio Dimonte","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Dimonte","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072941207","display_name":"Edoardo Draetta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Luigi Draetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121901891","display_name":"Bruno Fabiani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Fabiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107130329","display_name":"Patrick Scuri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Scuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046605017","display_name":"Simone Barbieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-8921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Barbieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121888297","display_name":"Marcello Agazzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Agazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121889103","display_name":"Muhammad Arslan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121891371","display_name":"Daniele Celada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Celada","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021495927","display_name":"Filippo Chiabrando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3680-7559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Chiabrando","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121903914","display_name":"Lorenzo Cibrario","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Cibrario","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121882980","display_name":"Giulio Cielo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Cielo","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027212586","display_name":"Alberto Colombo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-7317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Colombo","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049825059","display_name":"Stefano Contini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Contini","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121883160","display_name":"Marta Liberotti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Liberotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037184090","display_name":"Marco Montagna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-7640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Montagna","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041885427","display_name":"Francesca Rita Ogliari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-2407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153126","display_name":"Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico","ror":"https://ror.org/04tfzc498","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155925","display_name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/006x48140","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Rita Ogliari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086891193","display_name":"Anna Palmisano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-2060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153126","display_name":"Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico","ror":"https://ror.org/04tfzc498","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155925","display_name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/006x48140","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Palmisano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Imaging for Personalised Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Imaging for Personalised Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065064713","display_name":"Francesco Pisu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-6379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Pisu","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072787538","display_name":"Davide Serra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Serra","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121882321","display_name":"Diego Varani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Varani","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055651440","display_name":"Davide Vignale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-7432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153126","display_name":"Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico","ror":"https://ror.org/04tfzc498","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155925","display_name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/006x48140","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Vignale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Imaging for Personalised Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Imaging for Personalised Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084306611","display_name":"Andrea Luigi Vitali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-261X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Luigi Vitali","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121895615","display_name":"Alan Zambello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Zambello","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121901075","display_name":"Chiara Chiapponi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Chiapponi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Italia, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Italia, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113189602","display_name":"Marco Denti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Denti","raw_affiliation_strings":["S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104690043","display_name":"Antonio Esposito","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I292310028","display_name":"San Raffaele University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02rwycx38","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I292310028"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133214","display_name":"IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/039zxt351","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133214","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Esposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Imaging for Personalised Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it","Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it","S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it","School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Imaging for Personalised Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261","https://openalex.org/I4210133214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261","https://openalex.org/I292310028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. esposito.antonio@hsr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027971423","display_name":"Carlo Tacchetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-000X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153126","display_name":"Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico","ror":"https://ror.org/04tfzc498","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155925","display_name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/006x48140","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Tacchetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S-RACE (San-Raffaele Ai CEnter), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":30,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003244094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":7.5334,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92743599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"6","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.491100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.491100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.23160000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.09669999778270721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translational-research","display_name":"Translational research","score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice","display_name":"Clinical Practice","score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-curation","display_name":"Data curation","score":0.3352999985218048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91632574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15088675","display_name":"Data curation","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196879817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872685","display_name":"Data governance","level":4,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106977388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2752427","display_name":"Medical research","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189922023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056348","display_name":"Information governance","level":4,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777896688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773715","display_name":"Clinical governance","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02132-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41484225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41484225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4b1a53d4db6476abbaae35baf5cd60c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4b1a53d4db6476abbaae35baf5cd60c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12770359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12770359/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02132-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02132-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321781","display_name":"Ministero della Salute","ror":"https://ror.org/00789fa95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118119540.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981836045","https://openalex.org/W3049452588","https://openalex.org/W3194575560","https://openalex.org/W3208408748","https://openalex.org/W4200093953","https://openalex.org/W4205164650","https://openalex.org/W4224209775","https://openalex.org/W4307323645","https://openalex.org/W4321504526","https://openalex.org/W4391744832","https://openalex.org/W4400474384","https://openalex.org/W4402533731","https://openalex.org/W4402923059","https://openalex.org/W4404105438","https://openalex.org/W4407302954","https://openalex.org/W4407303031","https://openalex.org/W4407633448"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82],"translation":[1],"of":[2,174],"Artificial":[3],"Intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"into":[6,39,67],"clinical":[7,65,172],"practice":[8],"demands":[9],"high-quality":[10],"Real-World":[11],"Data":[12],"(RWD),":[13],"yet":[14],"unstructured":[15],"healthcare":[16],"information":[17,66],"poses":[18],"a":[19,28,158,166],"significant":[20],"barrier.":[21],"To":[22],"address":[23],"this,":[24],"we":[25],"developed":[26],"S-RACE,":[27],"secure,":[29],"cloud-based":[30],"platform":[31],"designed":[32],"to":[33,61,97,149,169],"systematically":[34],"transform":[35],"raw":[36],"hospital":[37],"data":[38,53,73,113],"high-quality,":[40],"research-grade":[41],"evidence.":[42],"S-RACE":[43,109,156],"features":[44],"an":[45],"end-to-end":[46],"pipeline,":[47],"starting":[48],"with":[49,112],"on-premises":[50],"anonymisation":[51],"for":[52,77,162],"privacy,":[54],"followed":[55],"by":[56],"Natural":[57],"Language":[58],"Processing":[59],"(NLP)":[60],"extract":[62],"and":[63,95,103,126,135],"standardise":[64],"the":[68,104,171],"FHIR":[69],"format.":[70],"This":[71],"curated":[72,154],"foundation":[74,168],"is":[75,110],"essential":[76],"building":[78],"robust":[79],"AI":[80,90,106],"models.":[81],"platform's":[83],"integrated":[84],"\"Data":[85],"Science":[86],"Lab\"":[87],"supports":[88],"responsible":[89,175],"development,":[91],"incorporating":[92],"explainability":[93],"techniques":[94],"adhering":[96],"governance":[98],"standards":[99],"like":[100],"ISO":[101],"42001":[102],"EU":[105],"Act.":[107],"Currently,":[108],"populated":[111],"from":[114],"31,276":[115],"patients,":[116],"powering":[117],"19":[118],"research":[119],"projects":[120],"across":[121],"fields":[122],"including":[123],"oncology,":[124],"cardiology,":[125],"diabetes.":[127],"We":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"its":[130],"utility":[131],"in":[132],"kidney":[133],"cancer":[134],"aortic":[136],"stenosis,":[137],"where":[138],"models":[139],"trained":[140,151],"on":[141,152],"S-RACE's":[142],"automatically":[143],"processed":[144],"RWE":[145],"showed":[146],"performance":[147],"comparable":[148],"those":[150],"manually":[153],"data.":[155],"provides":[157],"scalable,":[159],"governed":[160],"environment":[161],"RWD":[163],"curation,":[164],"offering":[165],"trustworthy":[167],"accelerate":[170],"adoption":[173],"AI.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T15:46:55.921056","created_date":"2026-01-04T00:00:00"}
