{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417303144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","title":"Effect of race and ethnicity on advanced breast cancer risk prediction model performance","display_name":"Effect of race and ethnicity on advanced breast cancer risk prediction model performance","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417303144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41392273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02130-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02130-y_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021168507","display_name":"Karla Kerlikowske","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315708478","display_name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/049peqw80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315708478","https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474","https://openalex.org/I4210143381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karla Kerlikowske","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Karla.Kerlikowske@ucsf.edu","General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Karla.Kerlikowske@ucsf.edu","General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Karla.Kerlikowske@ucsf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Karla.Kerlikowske@ucsf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315708478"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315708478","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030925628","display_name":"Shuai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4016-8217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110336475","display_name":"Brian L. Sprague","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian L. Sprague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jeffrey A. Tice","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey A. Tice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050357899","display_name":"Diana L. Miglioretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-1833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150117356","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0027frf26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150117356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana L. Miglioretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150117356"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008134033","display_name":"Rebecca A. Hubbard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca A. Hubbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021168507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315708478","https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40975198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"771","last_page":"771"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.5856000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.5856000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10769","display_name":"BRCA gene mutations in cancer","score":0.10530000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.09120000153779984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.8273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-women","display_name":"Black women","score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifetime-risk","display_name":"Lifetime risk","score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.35420000553131104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.8273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28401147","display_name":"Black women","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991661194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Lifetime risk","level":3,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011492","display_name":"Breast cancer screening","level":5,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994039464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative risk","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776463041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044843","display_name":"Cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02130-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41392273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41392273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a6710f1d8cd406b81d1f7452fd264bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a6710f1d8cd406b81d1f7452fd264bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12717068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12717068/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02130-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-02130-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3556578238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30 CA093373","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6293882983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P01 CA154292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G68425887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P01CA154292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8858759385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54 GM115516","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417303144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417303144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986190193","https://openalex.org/W2054535301","https://openalex.org/W2062021533","https://openalex.org/W2080749309","https://openalex.org/W2097336603","https://openalex.org/W2111061352","https://openalex.org/W2111784232","https://openalex.org/W2113676816","https://openalex.org/W2131894493","https://openalex.org/W2134580041","https://openalex.org/W2148554069","https://openalex.org/W2157727387","https://openalex.org/W2162307063","https://openalex.org/W2165664908","https://openalex.org/W2198598470","https://openalex.org/W2328561181","https://openalex.org/W2373456799","https://openalex.org/W2512854569","https://openalex.org/W2560617851","https://openalex.org/W2793791161","https://openalex.org/W3035885149","https://openalex.org/W3082785714","https://openalex.org/W3152256433","https://openalex.org/W4207069152","https://openalex.org/W4367173234","https://openalex.org/W4380730289","https://openalex.org/W4386818149","https://openalex.org/W4387996458","https://openalex.org/W4388751815","https://openalex.org/W4389490572","https://openalex.org/W4390265102","https://openalex.org/W4392638077","https://openalex.org/W4396509461","https://openalex.org/W4401365052","https://openalex.org/W4401540052","https://openalex.org/W4403887150","https://openalex.org/W4404938634","https://openalex.org/W4404941686","https://openalex.org/W4408072468","https://openalex.org/W4411392752"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Race-naive":[0],"prediction":[1],"modeling":[2],"is":[3],"proposed":[4],"as":[5,99,125],"a":[6],"method":[7],"to":[8,59,105,114,139,152],"address":[9],"algorithmic":[10],"bias.":[11],"We":[12],"evaluated":[13],"model":[14,33,49,62,133],"performance":[15],"by":[16],"removing":[17],"race":[18,44,135],"and":[19,40,45,74,136,158],"ethnicity":[20,46,137],"from":[21,47,103,112],"the":[22,48,60,132],"Breast":[23],"Cancer":[24],"Surveillance":[25],"Consortium":[26],"6-year":[27],"cumulative":[28],"advanced":[29,120,127,154],"breast":[30,93,121,128,155,159],"cancer":[31,94,122,129,156,160],"risk":[32,54,77,101],"used":[34],"for":[35],"decision-making":[36],"on":[37],"screening":[38,150],"frequency":[39],"supplemental":[41],"imaging.":[42],"Excluding":[43],"resulted":[50],"in":[51,55,78,145],"overestimation":[52],"of":[53,76,148],"Asian":[56,96],"women":[57,80,97,110,118],"compared":[58],"original":[61],"[expected/observed":[63,81],"=":[64,67,72,82,85,90],"1.28":[65],"(95%CI":[66,71,84,89],"1.05-1.66)":[68],"vs.":[69,87],"1.00":[70,88],"0.82-1.29)]":[73],"underestimation":[75],"Black":[79,109,117],"0.61":[83],"0.53-0.70)":[86],"0.88-1.15)].":[91],"Advanced":[92],"among":[95,108],"classified":[98],"intermediate/high":[100,126],"increased":[102],"6.1%":[104],"16.7%":[106],"while":[107],"decreased":[111],"75.3%":[113],"47.5%.":[115],"Fewer":[116],"with":[119,131],"were":[123],"identified":[124],"risk,":[130],"excluding":[134],"due":[138],"worse":[140],"calibration.":[141],"This":[142],"could":[143],"result":[144],"suboptimal":[146],"implementation":[147],"tailored":[149],"strategies":[151],"reduce":[153],"diagnoses":[157],"mortality.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-12-14T00:00:00"}