{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415453459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","title":"HONeYBEE: enabling scalable multimodal AI in oncology through foundation model-driven embeddings","display_name":"HONeYBEE: enabling scalable multimodal AI in oncology through foundation model-driven embeddings","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415453459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41131352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057418667","display_name":"Aakash Tripathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019308854","display_name":"Moffitt Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf75524","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aakash Tripathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. aakash.tripathi@moffitt.org","Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. aakash.tripathi@moffitt.org","Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. aakash.tripathi@moffitt.org","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. aakash.tripathi@moffitt.org","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081990585","display_name":"Asim Waqas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6834-4710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019308854","display_name":"Moffitt Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf75524","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asim Waqas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","Departments of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066835564","display_name":"Matthew B. Schabath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3241-3216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019308854","display_name":"Moffitt Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf75524","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew B. Schabath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036320427","display_name":"Yasin Y\u0131lmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-3060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasin Yilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045996251","display_name":"Ghulam Rasool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-0090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019308854","display_name":"Moffitt Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf75524","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Rasool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019308854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057418667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I3019308854"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":3.8722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9418564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"622","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concordance","display_name":"Concordance","score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"Precision medicine","score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.30869999527931213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018822202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Patient data","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776598537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812651","display_name":"Clinical Oncology","level":3,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111829193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108970","display_name":"Fusion gene","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992520072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation oncology","level":3,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41131352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41131352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:264bc0052e914e79aa2011c5c72ddadf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/264bc0052e914e79aa2011c5c72ddadf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11357563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12549884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02003-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6162870944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2234836","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791866474","https://openalex.org/W1977653087","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2129112648","https://openalex.org/W2130395838","https://openalex.org/W2132162500","https://openalex.org/W2137407193","https://openalex.org/W2158485828","https://openalex.org/W2343160907","https://openalex.org/W2521492299","https://openalex.org/W2611467245","https://openalex.org/W2753919178","https://openalex.org/W2757281736","https://openalex.org/W2996092187","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W3031003892","https://openalex.org/W3045086986","https://openalex.org/W3081822273","https://openalex.org/W3083699157","https://openalex.org/W3116694041","https://openalex.org/W3153455076","https://openalex.org/W3164633738","https://openalex.org/W3176121851","https://openalex.org/W3180214142","https://openalex.org/W3203898052","https://openalex.org/W3204256746","https://openalex.org/W3205594709","https://openalex.org/W3209163276","https://openalex.org/W4282915171","https://openalex.org/W4283028665","https://openalex.org/W4283645969","https://openalex.org/W4290653188","https://openalex.org/W4291021272","https://openalex.org/W4293476620","https://openalex.org/W4296776307","https://openalex.org/W4296941367","https://openalex.org/W4304014045","https://openalex.org/W4319730829","https://openalex.org/W4361298849","https://openalex.org/W4362673398","https://openalex.org/W4379878309","https://openalex.org/W4380576977","https://openalex.org/W4385625240","https://openalex.org/W4387335404","https://openalex.org/W4387400081","https://openalex.org/W4390578581","https://openalex.org/W4390872461","https://openalex.org/W4390902346","https://openalex.org/W4391651886","https://openalex.org/W4392348035","https://openalex.org/W4392486097","https://openalex.org/W4392947521","https://openalex.org/W4400831136","https://openalex.org/W4400981456","https://openalex.org/W4402716294","https://openalex.org/W4404105438","https://openalex.org/W4404503910","https://openalex.org/W4404509535","https://openalex.org/W4407354885","https://openalex.org/W4407677889","https://openalex.org/W4410367862","https://openalex.org/W4412757004","https://openalex.org/W6894272651"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harmonized":[0],"ONcologY":[1],"Biomedical":[2],"Embedding":[3],"Encoder":[4],"(HONeYBEE)":[5],"is":[6],"an":[7],"open-source":[8],"framework":[9],"that":[10,125],"integrates":[11],"multimodal":[12],"biomedical":[13],"data":[14,21,145],"for":[15,106,134],"oncology":[16],"applications.":[17],"It":[18],"processes":[19],"clinical":[20,71,114,135],"(structured":[22],"and":[23,29,41,54,82],"unstructured),":[24],"whole-slide":[25],"images,":[26],"radiology":[27],"scans,":[28],"molecular":[30],"profiles":[31],"to":[32],"generate":[33],"unified":[34],"patient-level":[35],"embeddings":[36,45,72],"using":[37],"domain-specific":[38],"foundation":[39],"models":[40,123,127,133],"fusion":[42,102],"strategies.":[43],"These":[44],"enable":[46],"survival":[47,93,111],"prediction,":[48],"cancer-type":[49],"classification,":[50],"patient":[51,86],"similarity":[52],"retrieval,":[53],"cohort":[55],"clustering.":[56],"Evaluated":[57],"on":[58,143],"11,400+":[59],"patients":[60],"across":[61,97],"33":[62],"cancer":[63,99],"types":[64],"from":[65],"The":[66],"Cancer":[67],"Genome":[68],"Atlas":[69],"(TCGA),":[70],"showed":[73],"the":[74,91],"strongest":[75],"single-modality":[76],"performance":[77,142],"with":[78],"98.5%":[79],"classification":[80],"accuracy":[81],"96.4%":[83],"precision@10":[84],"in":[85],"retrieval.":[87],"They":[88],"also":[89],"achieved":[90],"highest":[92],"prediction":[94,112],"concordance":[95],"indices":[96],"most":[98],"types.":[100],"Multimodal":[101],"provided":[103],"complementary":[104],"benefits":[105],"specific":[107],"cancers,":[108],"improving":[109],"overall":[110],"beyond":[113],"features":[115],"alone.":[116],"Comparative":[117],"evaluation":[118],"of":[119],"four":[120],"large":[121],"language":[122],"revealed":[124],"general-purpose":[126],"like":[128],"Qwen3":[129],"outperformed":[130],"specialized":[131],"medical":[132],"text":[136],"representation,":[137],"though":[138],"task-specific":[139],"fine-tuning":[140],"improved":[141],"heterogeneous":[144],"such":[146],"as":[147],"pathology":[148],"reports.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}