{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414662080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","title":"Optimizing large language models for detecting symptoms of depression/anxiety in chronic diseases patient communications","display_name":"Optimizing large language models for detecting symptoms of depression/anxiety in chronic diseases patient communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414662080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41028413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01969-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01969-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083369561","display_name":"Jiyeong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2869-5751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105015","display_name":"Stanford Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/019wqcg20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiyeong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. jykim3@stanford.edu","Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. jykim3@stanford.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029989846","display_name":"P. Stephen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3738-9569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105015","display_name":"Stanford Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/019wqcg20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen P. Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Technology and Digital Solutions, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Digital Solutions, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023886455","display_name":"Michael L. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0168-1122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090530395","display_name":"Isaac R. Galatzer\u2010Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-064X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026523515","display_name":"John Torous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5362-7937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Torous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046354760","display_name":"Peter van Roessel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9477-604X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. van Roessel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024394615","display_name":"Christopher Sharp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7169-6904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105015","display_name":"Stanford Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/019wqcg20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Sharp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Technology and Digital Solutions, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Digital Solutions, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059820789","display_name":"Michael A. Pfeffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-0843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105015","display_name":"Stanford Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/019wqcg20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Pfeffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Technology and Digital Solutions, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Digital Solutions, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031527996","display_name":"Carolyn I. Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-1692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn I. Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078439923","display_name":"Eleni Linos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-6301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleni Linos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046725885","display_name":"Jonathan H. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan H. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083369561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105015","https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":12.4656,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98421284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"580","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triage","display_name":"Triage","score":0.7394999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"Depression (economics)","score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warrant","display_name":"Warrant","score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"Mental health","score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-care","display_name":"Chronic care","score":0.34709998965263367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.7394999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5784000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113964","display_name":"Chronic care","level":3,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01969-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41028413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41028413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26af0b3bc5354749b879662760c06fef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26af0b3bc5354749b879662760c06fef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11296984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12485036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12485036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12485036/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01969-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01969-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2693851842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AR082109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2935194179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K24AR075060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3812137097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K01MH137386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414662080.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414662080.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967655766","https://openalex.org/W2139497806","https://openalex.org/W2555331785","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2925054441","https://openalex.org/W3187571882","https://openalex.org/W4211028654","https://openalex.org/W4221142221","https://openalex.org/W4281552310","https://openalex.org/W4309111267","https://openalex.org/W4313627365","https://openalex.org/W4361190491","https://openalex.org/W4384561376","https://openalex.org/W4387677901","https://openalex.org/W4389674125","https://openalex.org/W4391484628","https://openalex.org/W4392739577","https://openalex.org/W4393231947","https://openalex.org/W4393386222","https://openalex.org/W4400837480","https://openalex.org/W4401153534","https://openalex.org/W4401490995","https://openalex.org/W4402371487","https://openalex.org/W4402939423","https://openalex.org/W4403001813","https://openalex.org/W4403420208","https://openalex.org/W4406664255"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Patients":[0],"with":[1,71,139],"diabetes":[2],"are":[3],"at":[4],"increased":[5],"risk":[6],"of":[7,20,59,67,114],"comorbid":[8],"depression":[9],"or":[10],"anxiety,":[11],"complicating":[12],"their":[13],"management.":[14],"This":[15],"study":[16],"evaluated":[17],"the":[18,51,112],"performance":[19,64],"large":[21],"language":[22],"models":[23],"(LLMs)":[24],"in":[25,77,90,102,118],"detecting":[26],"these":[27],"symptoms":[28],"from":[29],"secure":[30],"patient":[31],"messages.":[32],"We":[33],"applied":[34],"multiple":[35],"approaches,":[36],"including":[37],"engineered":[38],"prompts,":[39],"systemic":[40],"persona,":[41],"temperature":[42],"adjustments,":[43],"and":[44,46,54,69,80,93,121],"zero-shot":[45,84],"few-shot":[47],"learning,":[48],"to":[49,116],"identify":[50],"best-performing":[52],"model":[53],"enhance":[55],"performance.":[56],"Three":[57],"out":[58],"five":[60],"LLMs":[61,87,115],"demonstrated":[62],"excellent":[63],"(over":[65],"90%":[66],"F-1":[68,79],"accuracy),":[70],"Llama":[72],"3.1":[73],"405B":[74],"achieving":[75],"93%":[76],"both":[78],"accuracy":[81],"using":[82],"a":[83],"approach.":[85],"While":[86],"showed":[88],"promise":[89],"binary":[91],"classification":[92],"handling":[94],"complex":[95],"metrics":[96],"like":[97],"Patient":[98],"Health":[99],"Questionnaire-4,":[100],"inconsistencies":[101],"challenging":[103],"cases":[104],"warrant":[105],"further":[106],"real-life":[107],"assessment.":[108],"The":[109],"findings":[110],"highlight":[111],"potential":[113],"assist":[117],"timely":[119],"screening":[120],"referrals,":[122],"providing":[123],"valuable":[124],"empirical":[125],"knowledge":[126],"for":[127,137],"real-world":[128],"triage":[129],"systems":[130],"that":[131],"could":[132],"improve":[133],"mental":[134],"health":[135],"care":[136],"patients":[138],"chronic":[140],"diseases.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}