{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415958958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","title":"Interpretable arrhythmia detection in ECG scans using deep learning ensembles: a genetic programming approach","display_name":"Interpretable arrhythmia detection in ECG scans using deep learning ensembles: a genetic programming approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415958958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41198945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01932-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01932-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115461326","display_name":"Arkadiusz Pawe\u0142 Czerwi\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arkadiusz Czerwinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012521844","display_name":"Damian Kucharski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damian Kucharski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068982646","display_name":"Agata M. Wijata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-9979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147439693","display_name":"Soegijapranata Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/039t4sn90","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147439693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125040","display_name":"Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/02ks0br87","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125040"]}],"countries":["ID","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agata M. Wijata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland. Agata.Wijata@polsl.pl","Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland. Agata.Wijata@polsl.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147439693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125040","https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034378411","display_name":"Hanadi Aldosari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanadi Aldosari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073606016","display_name":"Frans Coenen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-6649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frans Coenen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074433373","display_name":"Dhiraj Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-090X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086861","display_name":"Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/000849h34","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800087592","https://openalex.org/I4210086861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhiraj Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086861","https://openalex.org/I63098007","https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038233240","display_name":"L\u00fc Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-3166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145693","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0432p8t34","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153930","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/045kpgw45","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145693","https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048501577","display_name":"Weidong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2526-7695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145693","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0432p8t34","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153930","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/045kpgw45","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145693","https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741593","display_name":"Yumei Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-0014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145693","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0432p8t34","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153930","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/045kpgw45","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yumei Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145693","https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005302512","display_name":"Jacek Kawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-7885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125040","display_name":"Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/02ks0br87","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125040"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Kawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125040","https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081186911","display_name":"Yalin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-0922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086861","display_name":"Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/000849h34","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800087592","https://openalex.org/I4210086861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086861","https://openalex.org/I63098007","https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108509441","display_name":"Gregory Lip","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146122375","display_name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4ya841","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146122375"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086861","display_name":"Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/000849h34","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800087592","https://openalex.org/I4210086861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK","GB","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Y. H. Lip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK","Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086861","https://openalex.org/I63098007","https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146122375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041796575","display_name":"Jakub Nalepa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Nalepa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland. Jakub.Nalepa@polsl.pl","Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland. Jakub.Nalepa@polsl.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115461326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":1.278,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85560187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"642","last_page":"642"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9304999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9304999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.031700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-arrhythmia","display_name":"Cardiac arrhythmia","score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventricular-fibrillation","display_name":"Ventricular fibrillation","score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.35280001163482666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988455589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189331","display_name":"Cardiac arrhythmia","level":3,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781005686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848662","display_name":"Ventricular fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020225094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80091","display_name":"Area under curve","level":3,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202837","display_name":"Sudden cardiac death","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01932-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41198945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41198945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/215442bc-51e6-48e6-800b-13611bc91f02","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/215442bc-51e6-48e6-800b-13611bc91f02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Czerwinski, A, Kucharski, D, Wijata, A M, Aldosari, H, Coenen, F, Gupta, D, Fu, L, Lin, W, Xue, Y, Kawa, J, Zheng, Y, Lip, G Y H & Nalepa, J 2025, 'Interpretable arrhythmia detection in ECG scans using deep learning ensembles : a genetic programming approach', npj Digital Medicine, vol. 8, no. 1, 642. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cba6eb1d38b54c78b8c98f04b254f8eb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cba6eb1d38b54c78b8c98f04b254f8eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11401480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12592347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01932-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01932-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2031217355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Cyfronet","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326815","funder_display_name":"Infrastruktura PL-Grid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G486288909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"02/080/SDU/10-21-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324727","funder_display_name":"Silesian University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G559897430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FESL.10.25-IZ.01-07G5/23","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324727","funder_display_name":"Silesian University of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324727","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326815","display_name":"Infrastruktura PL-Grid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337160","display_name":"Academic Computer Centre Cyfronet, AGH University of Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415958958.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415958958.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2127854713","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2904957220","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2991257700","https://openalex.org/W3013648192","https://openalex.org/W3027572331","https://openalex.org/W3046023260","https://openalex.org/W3153418506","https://openalex.org/W3183198896","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3199167034","https://openalex.org/W3212121750","https://openalex.org/W4220817151","https://openalex.org/W4283519547","https://openalex.org/W4386776849","https://openalex.org/W4387774140","https://openalex.org/W4391074489","https://openalex.org/W4391402226","https://openalex.org/W4399386601","https://openalex.org/W4401028189","https://openalex.org/W4401918027","https://openalex.org/W4402313440","https://openalex.org/W4402915432","https://openalex.org/W4403914562","https://openalex.org/W4407687676","https://openalex.org/W4408721786","https://openalex.org/W4411300345","https://openalex.org/W6891947729","https://openalex.org/W6966551477"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular":[0],"diseases":[1],"remain":[2],"the":[3,85,88,130],"leading":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6],"death":[7],"in":[8],"developed":[9],"countries.":[10],"This":[11],"study":[12],"introduces":[13],"deep":[14],"learning":[15],"ensembles":[16,78,146],"for":[17,100,109,129,138,145,151,157],"arrhythmia":[18],"detection":[19],"and":[20,58,61,81,124,132],"atrial":[21],"fibrillation":[22],"(AF)":[23],"recurrence":[24,140],"prediction":[25],"from":[26],"electrocardiogram":[27],"scans,":[28],"supported":[29],"by":[30],"explainable":[31],"artificial":[32],"intelligence":[33],"(XAI)":[34],"methods.":[35],"Validation":[36],"used":[37],"two":[38],"datasets:":[39],"Guangdong":[40],"Provincial":[41],"People's":[42],"Hospital,":[43,63],"China":[44],"(Dataset":[45],"G,":[46,102],"1172":[47],"patients,":[48,67],"71.4":[49],"\u00b1":[50,69],"6.3":[51],"years,":[52,71],"66%":[53],"women,":[54,73],"20.5%":[55],"with":[56,75,84],"arrhythmia)":[57],"Liverpool":[59],"Heart":[60],"Chest":[62],"UK":[64],"(L,":[65],"909":[66],"60.5":[68],"10.71":[70],"33%":[72],"29.7%":[74],"arrhythmia).":[76],"Our":[77],"outperformed":[79],"individual":[80,152],"voting":[82],"models":[83,113],"area":[86],"under":[87],"receiver":[89],"operating":[90],"characteristic":[91],"curve":[92],"(ROC-AUC):":[93],"0.980":[94,121],"(95%CI:":[95,104,122,143,149],"0.956-0.998,":[96],"p":[97,106],"=":[98,107],"0.03)":[99],"Dataset":[101,110],"0.799":[103],"0.737-0.856,":[105],"0.07)":[108],"L.":[111],"The":[112],"trained":[114],"on":[115],"combined":[116],"training":[117],"sets":[118],"achieved":[119],"ROC-AUC:":[120],"0.952-1.0)":[123],"0.800":[125],"(95%":[126],"CI:":[127],"0.739-0.861)":[128],"G":[131],"L":[133],"test":[134],"sets.":[135],"Precision-recall":[136],"AUC":[137],"AF":[139],"was":[141],"0.765":[142],"0.669-0.849)":[144],"vs.":[147],"0.737":[148],"0.648-0.821)":[150],"models.":[153],"XAI":[154],"enhanced":[155],"interpretability":[156],"clinical":[158],"applications.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}
