{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413395720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","title":"From ageing clocks to human digital twins in personalising healthcare through biological age analysis","display_name":"From ageing clocks to human digital twins in personalising healthcare through biological age analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413395720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40841468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01911-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01911-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021029315","display_name":"Murih Pusparum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-0612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68522396","display_name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq0w522","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murih Pusparum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium. murih.pusparum@vito.be","Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium. murih.pusparum@vito.be","Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium","Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium. murih.pusparum@vito.be","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium. murih.pusparum@vito.be","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091491978","display_name":"Olivier Thas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-4089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}],"countries":["AU","BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Thas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium","Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia (NIASRA), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia (NIASRA), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072064334","display_name":"Stephan Beck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147892","display_name":"CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence","ror":"https://ror.org/04nm2mq63","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147892"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Beck","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147892","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086668969","display_name":"Simone Ecker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-1710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147892","display_name":"CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence","ror":"https://ror.org/04nm2mq63","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147892"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Ecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147892","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082614669","display_name":"G\u00f6khan Ertaylan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68522396","display_name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq0w522","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f6khan Ertaylan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium. gokhan.ertaylan@vito.be","Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium. gokhan.ertaylan@vito.be","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021029315","https://openalex.org/A5082614669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396","https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"fwci":3.3604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92261483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"537","last_page":"537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10676","display_name":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1302","display_name":"Aging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.9430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ageing","display_name":"Ageing","score":0.7987950444221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5264259576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ageing-society","display_name":"Ageing society","score":0.411526083946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology","display_name":"Gerontology","score":0.2862760126590729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2714478075504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13746607303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08219721913337708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.7987950444221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5264259576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992041512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing society","level":2,"score":0.411526083946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2862760126590729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2714478075504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13746607303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08219721913337708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01911-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40841468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40841468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49e16fcedbbe4f0386f9ff4ffcec8588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49e16fcedbbe4f0386f9ff4ffcec8588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:documentserver.uhasselt.be:1942/46707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1942/46707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401926","display_name":"Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","host_organization_name":"Hasselt University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11180568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12371080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01911-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01911-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4202123180","display_name":"QUARTO: Quantitative Proteomics Toolbox for Clinical Application","funder_award_id":"12AMD24N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413395720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413395720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969930741","https://openalex.org/W1974047233","https://openalex.org/W2011988545","https://openalex.org/W2017523055","https://openalex.org/W2051771016","https://openalex.org/W2080644309","https://openalex.org/W2091267313","https://openalex.org/W2101870168","https://openalex.org/W2121091193","https://openalex.org/W2124407126","https://openalex.org/W2125910575","https://openalex.org/W2126525177","https://openalex.org/W2142260353","https://openalex.org/W2146794662","https://openalex.org/W2159675211","https://openalex.org/W2161948433","https://openalex.org/W2168228291","https://openalex.org/W2290343632","https://openalex.org/W2301840504","https://openalex.org/W2318710952","https://openalex.org/W2336855366","https://openalex.org/W2411678214","https://openalex.org/W2513348288","https://openalex.org/W2529317472","https://openalex.org/W2552955852","https://openalex.org/W2554984004","https://openalex.org/W2599190942","https://openalex.org/W2770929780","https://openalex.org/W2786689981","https://openalex.org/W2792874817","https://openalex.org/W2796559433","https://openalex.org/W2805049578","https://openalex.org/W2805884314","https://openalex.org/W2815133411","https://openalex.org/W2883262856","https://openalex.org/W2887321095","https://openalex.org/W2912654909","https://openalex.org/W2913469894","https://openalex.org/W2941111234","https://openalex.org/W2949100461","https://openalex.org/W2969128479","https://openalex.org/W2970347863","https://openalex.org/W2994754234","https://openalex.org/W3010152544","https://openalex.org/W3014998444","https://openalex.org/W3022131036","https://openalex.org/W3036242998","https://openalex.org/W3037887056","https://openalex.org/W3049304614","https://openalex.org/W3084870657","https://openalex.org/W3093577602","https://openalex.org/W3100302089","https://openalex.org/W3112474449","https://openalex.org/W3121574040","https://openalex.org/W3124124011","https://openalex.org/W3127104885","https://openalex.org/W3216925343","https://openalex.org/W4205236379","https://openalex.org/W4205358347","https://openalex.org/W4205380741","https://openalex.org/W4206495774","https://openalex.org/W4206938692","https://openalex.org/W4221131056","https://openalex.org/W4226486832","https://openalex.org/W4241052313","https://openalex.org/W4281751958","https://openalex.org/W4283016888","https://openalex.org/W4311442097","https://openalex.org/W4387911015","https://openalex.org/W4391027505","https://openalex.org/W4392298339","https://openalex.org/W4401427258","https://openalex.org/W4411234097","https://openalex.org/W4411926987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525575117","https://openalex.org/W4255618304","https://openalex.org/W4399506279","https://openalex.org/W4399781721","https://openalex.org/W231099812","https://openalex.org/W3044093051","https://openalex.org/W1568747376","https://openalex.org/W4395091077","https://openalex.org/W4361837879","https://openalex.org/W4250608442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Age":[0],"is":[1,112],"the":[2,8,14,20,35,55,71],"most":[3],"important":[4],"risk":[5,87],"factor":[6],"for":[7],"majority":[9],"human":[10],"diseases,":[11],"leading":[12],"to":[13,24],"exploration":[15],"of":[16,22,57,73,136],"innovative":[17],"approaches,":[18],"including":[19],"development":[21],"predictors":[23,30],"estimate":[25],"biological":[26],"age":[27],"(BA).":[28],"These":[29],"offer":[31],"promising":[32],"insights":[33],"into":[34],"ageing":[36,111],"process":[37],"and":[38,46,90,103],"age-related":[39,63],"diseases.":[40],"With":[41],"real-time,":[42],"multi-modal":[43],"data":[44],"streams":[45],"continuous":[47],"patient":[48],"monitoring,":[49],"these":[50],"BA":[51,74,89,124,137],"can":[52,143],"also":[53,144],"inform":[54],"construction":[56],"'human":[58],"digital":[59,140],"twins',":[60],"quantifying":[61],"how":[62],"changes":[64],"impact":[65],"health":[66,91],"trajectories.":[67],"This":[68],"study":[69,108],"highlights":[70],"significance":[72],"within":[75,119,139],"a":[76],"deeply":[77],"phenotyped":[78],"longitudinal":[79],"cohort,":[80],"using":[81],"omics-based":[82],"approaches":[83],"alongside":[84],"gold-standard":[85],"clinical":[86,132],"predictors.":[88],"traits":[92],"predictions":[93,138],"were":[94],"computed":[95],"from":[96],"29":[97],"epigenetics,":[98],"4":[99],"clinical-biochemistry,":[100],"2":[101],"proteomics,":[102],"3":[104],"metabolomics":[105],"clocks.":[106],"The":[107],"reveals":[109],"that":[110,123],"different":[113],"between":[114],"individuals":[115],"but":[116],"relatively":[117],"stable":[118],"individuals.":[120],"We":[121],"suggest":[122],"should":[125],"be":[126],"considered":[127],"crucial":[128],"biomarkers":[129],"complementing":[130],"routine":[131],"tests.":[133],"Regular":[134],"updates":[135],"twin":[141],"frameworks":[142],"help":[145],"guiding":[146],"individualised":[147],"treatment":[148],"plans.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
