{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412980508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","title":"Smartphone video-based early diagnosis of blepharospasm using dual cross-attention modeling enhanced by facial pose estimation","display_name":"Smartphone video-based early diagnosis of blepharospasm using dual cross-attention modeling enhanced by facial pose estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412980508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40764679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01904-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01904-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104223367","display_name":"Shulong Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099512","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0156rhd17","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shenyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009872730","display_name":"Boyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-0929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057580737","display_name":"Xiaoling Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-8055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099512","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0156rhd17","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoling Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010774128","display_name":"Huina Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-7680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099512","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0156rhd17","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huina Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074952549","display_name":"Dong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-5031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158318","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059cjpv64","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158318"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069466656","display_name":"Guanchao Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-2745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153668","display_name":"Wenzhou-Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/05609xa16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanchao Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA","College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yijie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099512","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0156rhd17","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114229183","display_name":"Yongqing Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqing Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Key Laboratory of Medical Research on Blinding Eye Diseases, Ningbo Eye Institute, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Medical Research on Blinding Eye Diseases, Ningbo Eye Institute, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101831689","display_name":"Menglu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-396X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099512","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0156rhd17","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210099512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102936000","display_name":"Qi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-1676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158318","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059cjpv64","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158318"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China. gaoqi8977@zju.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China. gaoqi8977@zju.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682480","display_name":"Juan Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-2500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158318","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059cjpv64","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158318"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China. yejuan@zju.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China. yejuan@zju.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104223367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210099512"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":2.6315,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90268793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"505","last_page":"505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12301","display_name":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.6552972197532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5469338297843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blepharospasm","display_name":"Blepharospasm","score":0.533584475517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46158507466316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.41988465189933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3710564970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3396282494068146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12238341569900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.12157440185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.05593356490135193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6552972197532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5469338297843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778817116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q883863","display_name":"Blepharospasm","level":3,"score":0.533584475517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46158507466316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.41988465189933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3710564970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3396282494068146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12238341569900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.12157440185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.05593356490135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906492","display_name":"Dystonia","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01904-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40764679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40764679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1cd5272b9ae4439ab75def61e7ceeb6d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1cd5272b9ae4439ab75def61e7ceeb6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12325706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12325706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01904-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01904-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1171264001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82330032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1242177852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2800254796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A2038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2937524670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KLY25H180311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6236315842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6917307155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82301208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8381171518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024C03204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412980508.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412980508.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1760472848","https://openalex.org/W1854450504","https://openalex.org/W1978130884","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2131134103","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2538853609","https://openalex.org/W2587539634","https://openalex.org/W2595840341","https://openalex.org/W2734470986","https://openalex.org/W2897542776","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963616706","https://openalex.org/W2964094092","https://openalex.org/W2964504872","https://openalex.org/W2995441916","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3097565144","https://openalex.org/W3151130473","https://openalex.org/W3162287262","https://openalex.org/W3168825659","https://openalex.org/W4210992199","https://openalex.org/W4214612132","https://openalex.org/W4214614183","https://openalex.org/W4288282320","https://openalex.org/W4307009747","https://openalex.org/W4312560592","https://openalex.org/W4318766825","https://openalex.org/W4324311528","https://openalex.org/W4390743289","https://openalex.org/W4399776001","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blepharospasm":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,36,107],"focal":[3],"dystonia":[4],"characterized":[5],"by":[6,124],"involuntary":[7],"eyelid":[8],"contractions":[9],"that":[10,42],"impair":[11],"vision":[12],"and":[13,24,47,56,87,90,143],"social":[14],"function.":[15],"The":[16,79],"subtle":[17],"clinical":[18],"signs":[19],"of":[20,65,133,145],"blepharospasm":[21,53],"make":[22],"early":[23,141],"accurate":[25],"diagnosis":[26,57,94],"difficult,":[27],"delaying":[28],"timely":[29],"intervention.":[30],"In":[31,106],"this":[32],"study,":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"dual":[37],"cross-attention":[38],"deep":[39],"learning":[40],"framework":[41],"integrates":[43],"temporal":[44],"video":[45,99,137],"features":[46],"facial":[48,60],"landmark":[49],"dynamics":[50],"to":[51,102,126,139],"assess":[52],"severity,":[54],"frequency,":[55],"from":[58,70],"smartphone-recorded":[59],"videos.":[61],"A":[62],"retrospective":[63],"dataset":[64,113],"847":[66],"patient":[67],"videos":[68],"collected":[69],"two":[71],"hospitals":[72],"(2016-2023)":[73],"was":[74],"used":[75],"for":[76,84,93],"model":[77,80,138],"development.":[78],"achieved":[81],"high":[82],"accuracy":[83,123],"severity":[85],"(0.828)":[86],"frequency":[88],"(0.82),":[89],"moderate":[91],"performance":[92],"(0.674).SHAP":[95],"analysis":[96],"identified":[97],"case-specific":[98],"fragments":[100],"contributing":[101],"predictions,":[103],"enhancing":[104],"interpretability.":[105],"prospective":[108],"evaluation":[109],"on":[110],"an":[111,134],"independent":[112],"(N":[114],"=":[115],"179),":[116],"AI":[117],"assistance":[118],"improved":[119],"junior":[120],"ophthalmologist's":[121],"diagnostic":[122],"up":[125],"18.5%.":[127],"These":[128],"findings":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"the":[131],"potential":[132],"explainable,":[135],"smartphone-compatible":[136],"support":[140],"detection":[142],"assessment":[144],"blepharospasm.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}