{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413101641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","title":"Next-generation AI framework for comprehensive oral leukoplakia evaluation and management","display_name":"Next-generation AI framework for comprehensive oral leukoplakia evaluation and management","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413101641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40784991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01885-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01885-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397274","display_name":"Jingwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-7390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JingWen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635765","display_name":"Ye Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-007X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YaFang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437714","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MengJing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019272450","display_name":"John Adeoye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3493-1463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Adeoye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028299420","display_name":"Jeffrey J. Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane JingYa Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"MiMi Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132950","display_name":"Stomatology Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041yj5753","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MiMi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I4210132950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"ChuanXia Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132950","display_name":"Stomatology Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041yj5753","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ChuanXia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I4210132950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"LiJie Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132950","display_name":"Stomatology Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041yj5753","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LiJie Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I4210132950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056078322","display_name":"Colman McGrath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-0889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colman McGrath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056862578","display_name":"Dian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. zhangd@szu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. zhangd@szu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736037","display_name":"Li Wu Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LiWu Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. lwzheng@hku.hk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. lwzheng@hku.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056862578","https://openalex.org/A5100736037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":4.9003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95311137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"513","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11787","display_name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7865307927131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leukoplakia","display_name":"Leukoplakia","score":0.5066707730293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.4638715982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysplasia","display_name":"Dysplasia","score":0.44277721643447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3726436495780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology","display_name":"Oncology","score":0.3224053382873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.27956661581993103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7865307927131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777550702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838145","display_name":"Leukoplakia","level":3,"score":0.5066707730293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4638715982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775894508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128996","display_name":"Dysplasia","level":2,"score":0.44277721643447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3726436495780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3224053382873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27956661581993103}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01885-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40784991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40784991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/366494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/366494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b0abcc6757d48b19d58ec1d17b69bf7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b0abcc6757d48b19d58ec1d17b69bf7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12336336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12336336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01885-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01885-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1443115988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025C02100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322015","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413101641.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413101641.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1630865570","https://openalex.org/W2010908868","https://openalex.org/W2117870131","https://openalex.org/W2137960802","https://openalex.org/W2151699048","https://openalex.org/W2162426988","https://openalex.org/W2406113891","https://openalex.org/W2611603023","https://openalex.org/W2905810301","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963677766","https://openalex.org/W2963686598","https://openalex.org/W2994470479","https://openalex.org/W2994686633","https://openalex.org/W2996689501","https://openalex.org/W3001888616","https://openalex.org/W3092116127","https://openalex.org/W3095906787","https://openalex.org/W3129461555","https://openalex.org/W3194043859","https://openalex.org/W3195004279","https://openalex.org/W4205380680","https://openalex.org/W4207017340","https://openalex.org/W4283457986","https://openalex.org/W4292838356","https://openalex.org/W4366998873","https://openalex.org/W4386736797","https://openalex.org/W4393335619","https://openalex.org/W4394601349","https://openalex.org/W4395031736","https://openalex.org/W4396808541","https://openalex.org/W4402777540","https://openalex.org/W4403258079","https://openalex.org/W4409458474","https://openalex.org/W6757493485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2222628791","https://openalex.org/W2552126445","https://openalex.org/W2065731742","https://openalex.org/W4312189615","https://openalex.org/W2774760269","https://openalex.org/W2143337389","https://openalex.org/W4251114212","https://openalex.org/W2048340682","https://openalex.org/W2100252915","https://openalex.org/W2275025395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oral":[0],"potentially":[1],"malignant":[2,9],"disorder":[3],"poses":[4],"a":[5,42],"significant":[6],"risk":[7,31,61,110],"of":[8,103],"transformation,":[10],"particularly":[11],"in":[12,78,84,159],"cases":[13,70,77],"with":[14,120],"epithelial":[15],"dysplasia":[16],"(OED).":[17],"Current":[18],"OED":[19,56,118,151],"assessment":[20],"methods":[21],"are":[22],"invasive":[23],"and":[24,33,39,58,82,96,112,127,134,152,164],"lack":[25],"reliable":[26],"decision-support":[27],"tools":[28],"for":[29,54,108,117],"cancer":[30,60,109,153,162],"evaluation":[32],"follow-up":[34],"optimization.":[35],"This":[36,146],"study":[37],"developed":[38],"validated":[40],"OMMT-PredNet,":[41],"fully":[43],"automated":[44],"multimodal":[45],"deep":[46],"learning":[47],"framework":[48],"requiring":[49],"no":[50],"manual":[51],"ROI":[52],"annotation,":[53],"non-invasive":[55],"identification":[57],"time-dependent":[59],"prediction.":[62],"Utilizing":[63],"data":[64],"from":[65],"649":[66],"histopathologically":[67],"confirmed":[68,138],"leukoplakia":[69],"across":[71],"multiple":[72],"institutions":[73],"(2003-2024),":[74],"including":[75],"598":[76],"the":[79,85,89],"primary":[80],"cohort":[81],"51":[83],"external":[86,142],"validation":[87,143],"set,":[88],"model":[90,148],"integrated":[91],"paired":[92],"high-resolution":[93],"clinical":[94,139],"images":[95],"medical":[97],"records.":[98],"OMMT-PredNet":[99],"achieved":[100],"an":[101],"AUC":[102],"0.9592":[104],"(95%":[105,114],"CI:":[106,115],"0.9491-0.9693)":[107],"prediction":[111],"0.9219":[113],"0.9088-0.9349)":[116],"identification,":[119],"high":[121],"specificity":[122],"(MT:":[123,129],"0.9490;":[124],"OED:":[125,131],"0.9182)":[126],"precision":[128],"0.9442;":[130],"0.9303).":[132],"Calibration":[133],"decision":[135],"curve":[136],"analyses":[137],"applicability,":[140],"while":[141],"demonstrated":[144],"robustness.":[145],"multidimensional":[147],"effectively":[149],"predicts":[150],"risk,":[154],"highlighting":[155],"its":[156],"global":[157],"applicability":[158],"enhancing":[160],"oral":[161],"screening":[163],"improving":[165],"patient":[166],"outcomes.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}