{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411882058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","title":"Federated target trial emulation using distributed observational data for treatment effect estimation","display_name":"Federated target trial emulation using distributed observational data for treatment effect estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411882058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40593099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01803-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01803-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369545","display_name":"Haoyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-5563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074254110","display_name":"Chengxi Zang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxi Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058023532","display_name":"Zhenxing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-523X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040648859","display_name":"Weishen Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weishen Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068424949","display_name":"Suraj Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-0157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100942","display_name":"Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/016twdg30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraj Rajendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tri-Institutional Computational Biology & Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tri-Institutional Computational Biology & Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210100942","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454438","display_name":"Yong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-0788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455958","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-8472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. few2001@med.cornell.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. few2001@med.cornell.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"fwci":16.2392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99353286,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"387","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.8642481565475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.834956705570221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5747745037078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5679164528846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24890968203544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21297475695610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12754136323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12638017535209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.11038711667060852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.8642481565475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.834956705570221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5747745037078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5679164528846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24890968203544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21297475695610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12754136323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12638017535209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.11038711667060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01803-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40593099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40593099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12214564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12214564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e5bfdc8f7c54992914937b1fbe047b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e5bfdc8f7c54992914937b1fbe047b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01803-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01803-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1181430679","display_name":"Computational Drug Repurposing for AD/ADRD with Integrative Analysis of Real World Data and Biomedical Knowledge","funder_award_id":"5r01ag076234-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2189601183","display_name":"Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Subsequent Disease Progression in Individuals with AD/ADRD: Influence of the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health","funder_award_id":"1rf1ag084178-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3398941559","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AG080991","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3583581720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 AG076448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3720348241","display_name":"Eligibility criteria design for Alzheimer's trials with real-world data and explainable AI","funder_award_id":"5r01ag080991-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3916121238","display_name":"CAREER: Interpretable Deep Modeling of Discrete Time Event Sequences","funder_award_id":"1750326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4518062780","display_name":"TREM2 Genotype-Informed Drug Repurposing and Combination Therapy Design for Alzheimer\u0092s Disease","funder_award_id":"5r01ag076448-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4696575845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AG080624","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5062585832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF1 AG084178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5237391046","display_name":"Identification of Mild Cognitive Impairment using Machine Learning from Language and Behavior Markers","funder_award_id":"1rf1ag072449-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5565921875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF1 AG072449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6061274122","display_name":"Collaborative Research: III: Medium: A consolidated framework of computational privacy and machine learning","funder_award_id":"2212175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7314624213","display_name":"Disparities of Alzheimer's disease progression in sexual and gender minorities","funder_award_id":"5r01ag080624-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982581970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 AG076234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411882058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411882058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964098393","https://openalex.org/W1965493147","https://openalex.org/W1986136908","https://openalex.org/W2015019618","https://openalex.org/W2021394078","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2065293388","https://openalex.org/W2086148792","https://openalex.org/W2092243077","https://openalex.org/W2092613863","https://openalex.org/W2135369095","https://openalex.org/W2138909292","https://openalex.org/W2280404143","https://openalex.org/W2298338128","https://openalex.org/W2307535985","https://openalex.org/W2403517604","https://openalex.org/W2511521172","https://openalex.org/W2565815646","https://openalex.org/W2765619636","https://openalex.org/W2793394439","https://openalex.org/W2891400669","https://openalex.org/W2972570881","https://openalex.org/W2979637109","https://openalex.org/W2996582092","https://openalex.org/W3021645930","https://openalex.org/W3046461598","https://openalex.org/W3049452588","https://openalex.org/W3089264828","https://openalex.org/W3118996476","https://openalex.org/W3130727496","https://openalex.org/W3162797634","https://openalex.org/W3183697928","https://openalex.org/W3193556317","https://openalex.org/W3199775394","https://openalex.org/W3200840849","https://openalex.org/W3207378505","https://openalex.org/W3216082287","https://openalex.org/W4211130574","https://openalex.org/W4220738117","https://openalex.org/W4225128959","https://openalex.org/W4226348102","https://openalex.org/W4229030203","https://openalex.org/W4233216783","https://openalex.org/W4245598032","https://openalex.org/W4253431854","https://openalex.org/W4308212841","https://openalex.org/W4310263890","https://openalex.org/W4310852955","https://openalex.org/W4311204752","https://openalex.org/W4311665767","https://openalex.org/W4321480330","https://openalex.org/W4323355832","https://openalex.org/W4324311136","https://openalex.org/W4362698413","https://openalex.org/W4362700682","https://openalex.org/W4372235626","https://openalex.org/W4381839613","https://openalex.org/W4386141263","https://openalex.org/W4387880642","https://openalex.org/W4388112466","https://openalex.org/W4388411010","https://openalex.org/W4389549989","https://openalex.org/W4392271600","https://openalex.org/W4392577484","https://openalex.org/W4392602141","https://openalex.org/W4393346251","https://openalex.org/W4396768342","https://openalex.org/W4396800886","https://openalex.org/W4399458463","https://openalex.org/W4402134510","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6773976177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W1603137082","https://openalex.org/W2364195017","https://openalex.org/W2355430452","https://openalex.org/W1951195060","https://openalex.org/W2049983405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Target":[0],"trial":[1],"emulation":[2],"(TTE)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,36,78,124],"estimate":[6,79],"treatment":[7,69,135],"effects":[8],"by":[9,88],"simulating":[10],"randomized":[11],"controlled":[12],"trials":[13,91,102],"using":[14,92,103],"real-world":[15],"observational":[16],"data.":[17,59,84],"Applying":[18],"TTE":[19,47,52],"across":[20,53,82,106,138],"distributed":[21,139],"datasets":[22],"shows":[23],"great":[24],"promise":[25],"in":[26,143],"improving":[27],"generalizability":[28],"and":[29,38,71,94,100,127,140],"power":[30],"but":[31],"is":[32,128],"always":[33],"infeasible":[34],"due":[35],"privacy":[37],"data-sharing":[39],"constraints.":[40],"Here":[41],"we":[42],"propose":[43],"a":[44,72,144],"Federated":[45],"Learning-based":[46],"framework,":[48],"FL-TTE,":[49],"that":[50],"enables":[51,133],"multiple":[54],"sites":[55],"without":[56],"sharing":[57],"patient-level":[58],"FL-TTE":[60,87,113,132],"incorporates":[61],"federated":[62,65,73,134],"protocol":[63],"design,":[64],"inverse":[66],"probability":[67],"of":[68],"weighting,":[70],"Cox":[74],"proportional":[75],"hazards":[76],"model":[77],"time-to-event":[80],"outcomes":[81],"heterogeneous":[83,141],"We":[85],"validated":[86],"emulating":[89],"Sepsis":[90],"eICU":[93],"MIMIC-IV":[95],"data":[96,142],"from":[97],"192":[98],"hospitals,":[99],"Alzheimer's":[101],"INSIGHT":[104],"Network":[105],"five":[107],"New":[108],"York":[109],"City":[110],"health":[111],"systems.":[112],"produced":[114],"less":[115],"biased":[116],"estimates":[117],"than":[118],"traditional":[119],"meta-analysis":[120],"methods":[121],"when":[122],"compared":[123],"pooled":[125],"results":[126],"theoretically":[129],"supported.":[130],"Our":[131],"effect":[136],"estimation":[137],"privacy-preserved":[145],"way.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
