{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410220514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","title":"Scoping review of deep learning research illuminates artificial intelligence chasm in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery","display_name":"Scoping review of deep learning research illuminates artificial intelligence chasm in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410220514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40346307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01693-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01693-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069651732","display_name":"George S. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2066-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6059380","display_name":"University of Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/024gw2733","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6059380"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George S. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. gliu51@jh.edu","Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. gliu51@jh.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. gliu51@jh.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I6059380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. gliu51@jh.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064307120","display_name":"Soraya Fereydooni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1264-6461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soraya Fereydooni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Melissa Chaehyun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Chaehyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116189850","display_name":"Srinidhi Polkampally","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinidhi Polkampally","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109714646","display_name":"Jeffrey Huynh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117306218","display_name":"Sravya Kuchibhotla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sravya Kuchibhotla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090249970","display_name":"Mihir M. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-5534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihir M. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036977481","display_name":"Noel Ayoub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-994X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel F. Ayoub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073271786","display_name":"Robson Capasso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robson Capasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086384712","display_name":"Michael T. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-5880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael T. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022944522","display_name":"Philip C. Doyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2715-3619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip C. Doyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019035603","display_name":"F. Christopher Holsinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-1414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Christopher Holsinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088028354","display_name":"Zara M. Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-982X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zara M. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008729463","display_name":"Jon\u2010Paul Pepper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-9170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon-Paul Pepper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056838110","display_name":"C. Kwang Sung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-6452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Kwang Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054227457","display_name":"Francis X. Creighton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-1162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis X. Creighton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022643612","display_name":"Nikolas H. Blevins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-4887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolas H. Blevins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086673943","display_name":"Konstantina M. Stankovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantina M. Stankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":18,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069651732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I6059380","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":5.8551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96083541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"265","last_page":"265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otorhinolaryngology","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology","score":0.7145500183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck-surgery","display_name":"Head and neck surgery","score":0.5452873706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5374999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otology","display_name":"Otology","score":0.5244163274765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotology","display_name":"Neurotology","score":0.5128741264343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.5098618268966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4881795048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.47090816497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.44558820128440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32193928956985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.19243189692497253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108516343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189553","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology","level":2,"score":0.7145500183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017913842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189553","display_name":"Head and neck surgery","level":3,"score":0.5452873706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5374999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540533750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640326","display_name":"Otology","level":2,"score":0.5244163274765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780835470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406609","display_name":"Neurotology","level":4,"score":0.5128741264343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5098618268966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4881795048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47090816497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.44558820128440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32193928956985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.19243189692497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01693-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40346307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40346307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:12db5bb137144470877af7fa6f0ce573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/12db5bb137144470877af7fa6f0ce573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12064819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12064819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01693-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01693-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311063","display_name":"Fondation Bertarelli","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7fev25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410220514.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410220514.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019694480","https://openalex.org/W2110448405","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2409829275","https://openalex.org/W2554140915","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2754751694","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2913945298","https://openalex.org/W2914425100","https://openalex.org/W2934954940","https://openalex.org/W2988716771","https://openalex.org/W2994958466","https://openalex.org/W3022423927","https://openalex.org/W3031370338","https://openalex.org/W3081093198","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3136552952","https://openalex.org/W3164573547","https://openalex.org/W3173148850","https://openalex.org/W3209901185","https://openalex.org/W3217000580","https://openalex.org/W4205100096","https://openalex.org/W4206908877","https://openalex.org/W4220879457","https://openalex.org/W4220926288","https://openalex.org/W4221078828","https://openalex.org/W4226266016","https://openalex.org/W4280499562","https://openalex.org/W4280572991","https://openalex.org/W4283366687","https://openalex.org/W4292367079","https://openalex.org/W4318346754","https://openalex.org/W4361767319","https://openalex.org/W4367174612","https://openalex.org/W4384663591","https://openalex.org/W4386325834","https://openalex.org/W4387033388","https://openalex.org/W4387763575","https://openalex.org/W4391223252","https://openalex.org/W4391598924","https://openalex.org/W4391849646","https://openalex.org/W4396639153","https://openalex.org/W4396860226","https://openalex.org/W4401731838","https://openalex.org/W4403965761","https://openalex.org/W4404111925","https://openalex.org/W4406472930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075969782","https://openalex.org/W2257998485","https://openalex.org/W2415453839","https://openalex.org/W2502859397","https://openalex.org/W2626307102","https://openalex.org/W4252593739","https://openalex.org/W1993125637","https://openalex.org/W2410696431","https://openalex.org/W3159735107","https://openalex.org/W3036493111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"validation":[1,112],"studies":[2,97,109],"are":[3],"important":[4],"to":[5,125,139],"translate":[6],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"(AI)":[9],"technology":[10],"in":[11,17,32,68,100,122],"healthcare":[12],"but":[13],"may":[14],"be":[15],"underperformed":[16],"Otolaryngology":[18],"-":[19],"Head":[20],"&":[21],"Neck":[22],"Surgery":[23],"(OHNS).":[24],"This":[25],"scoping":[26],"review":[27],"examined":[28],"deep":[29],"learning":[30],"publications":[31],"OHNS":[33],"between":[34],"1996":[35],"and":[36,42,64,70,81,88,113,134,142],"2023.":[37],"Searches":[38],"on":[39,131],"MEDLINE,":[40],"EMBASE,":[41],"Web":[43],"of":[44,50,103],"Science":[45],"databases":[46],"identified":[47],"3236":[48],"articles":[49],"which":[51],"444":[52],"met":[53],"inclusion":[54],"criteria.":[55],"Publications":[56],"increased":[57],"exponentially":[58],"from":[59],"2012-2022":[60],"across":[61],"48":[62],"countries":[63],"were":[65,99],"most":[66,73,82],"concentrated":[67],"otology":[69],"neurotology":[71],"(28%),":[72],"targeted":[74],"extending":[75],"health":[76],"care":[77],"provider":[78],"capabilities":[79],"(56%),":[80],"used":[83],"image":[84],"input":[85],"data":[86],"(55%)":[87],"convolutional":[89],"neural":[90],"network":[91],"models":[92],"(63%).":[93],"Strikingly,":[94],"nearly":[95],"all":[96],"(99.3%)":[98],"silico,":[101],"proof":[102],"concept":[104],"early-stage":[105],"studies.":[106,146],"Three":[107],"(0.7%)":[108],"conducted":[110],"offline":[111],"zero":[114],"(0%)":[115],"clinical":[116,144],"validation,":[117],"illuminating":[118],"the":[119],"\"AI":[120],"chasm\"":[121],"OHNS.":[123],"Recommendations":[124],"cross":[126],"this":[127],"chasm":[128],"include":[129],"focusing":[130],"low":[132,135],"complexity":[133],"risk":[136],"tasks,":[137],"adhering":[138],"reporting":[140],"guidelines,":[141],"prioritizing":[143],"translation":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
