{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410759688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","title":"Agile evaluation including two pragmatic trials on the uptake of a digital screening service","display_name":"Agile evaluation including two pragmatic trials on the uptake of a digital screening service","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410759688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40419699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01672-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01672-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000249226","display_name":"Taavi Tillmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-3719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taavi Tillmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. taavi.tillmann@ut.ee","Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. taavi.tillmann@ut.ee","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051037765","display_name":"Andrew Copas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Copas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042448731","display_name":"Paul Stokes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8121-3902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136060","display_name":"London Borough of Southwark","ror":"https://ror.org/04hxq4b52","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136060"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Stokes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, London Borough of Southwark Council, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, London Borough of Southwark Council, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117706952","display_name":"Nick Udell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126997","display_name":"Software and Engineering Associates (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt0ma29","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126997"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Udell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freelance Software Developer, Dorset, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freelance Software Developer, Dorset, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110826979","display_name":"Jonathan Stead","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136060","display_name":"London Borough of Southwark","ror":"https://ror.org/04hxq4b52","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136060"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo Stead","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, London Borough of Southwark Council, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, London Borough of Southwark Council, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113984653","display_name":"Jin Ho Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136060","display_name":"London Borough of Southwark","ror":"https://ror.org/04hxq4b52","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136060"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, London Borough of Southwark Council, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, London Borough of Southwark Council, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013452808","display_name":"Gene Libow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-4660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3149789849","display_name":"Department for Work and Pensions","ror":"https://ror.org/0499kfe57","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I3149789849"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gene Libow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freelance Service Designer, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freelance Service Designer, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3149789849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000249226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18554682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"310","last_page":"310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14212","display_name":"Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-message-service","display_name":"Short Message Service","score":0.818801999092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6916677951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.4880198538303375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4823012351989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.47263023257255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.4530980885028839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1951080560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15578177571296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.10221537947654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.08405452966690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07417568564414978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74558129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43024","display_name":"Short Message Service","level":2,"score":0.818801999092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6916677951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.4880198538303375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4823012351989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.47263023257255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4530980885028839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1951080560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15578177571296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10221537947654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08405452966690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07417568564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01672-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40419699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40419699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39e52ac2af9040239fa3114fe2fe899b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39e52ac2af9040239fa3114fe2fe899b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12106754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12106754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01672-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01672-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2538920058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TK218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","funder_display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7656850330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TK218 (EstWell)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321976","funder_display_name":"Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8456218238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSG809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","funder_display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeja18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321976","display_name":"Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium","ror":"https://ror.org/051aqjh92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410759688.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410759688.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044439361","https://openalex.org/W2072181779","https://openalex.org/W2073212102","https://openalex.org/W2087574902","https://openalex.org/W2087928601","https://openalex.org/W2095674834","https://openalex.org/W2141847884","https://openalex.org/W2151517089","https://openalex.org/W2165871262","https://openalex.org/W2224480037","https://openalex.org/W2562874248","https://openalex.org/W2618596952","https://openalex.org/W2769291786","https://openalex.org/W2889893184","https://openalex.org/W2900443860","https://openalex.org/W2916470783","https://openalex.org/W2941905571","https://openalex.org/W2969974694","https://openalex.org/W2974747689","https://openalex.org/W3035123324","https://openalex.org/W3037279738","https://openalex.org/W3097070196","https://openalex.org/W3138542580","https://openalex.org/W3138758067","https://openalex.org/W3207002068","https://openalex.org/W4200604215","https://openalex.org/W4392059507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355769538","https://openalex.org/W2081816252","https://openalex.org/W2656997359","https://openalex.org/W2015216653","https://openalex.org/W4240110559","https://openalex.org/W2373885168","https://openalex.org/W2094372386","https://openalex.org/W1973385172","https://openalex.org/W2799889363","https://openalex.org/W4319430762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"screening":[1],"may":[2,140],"divert":[3],"lower-risk":[4],"persons":[5],"to":[6,39,65,136,145],"lower-cost":[7],"online":[8],"screening,":[9],"or":[10],"offer":[11],"higher-risk":[12],"non-responders":[13],"a":[14,40,79,88,127],"more":[15],"acceptable":[16],"alternative.":[17],"Population-based":[18],"uptake":[19,96,142],"estimates":[20],"are":[21],"lacking.":[22],"We":[23,72],"conducted":[24],"four":[25,28],"studies":[26],"within":[27],"weeks":[29],"by":[30,97],"inviting":[31],"1700":[32],"Londoners":[33],"(40-74":[34],"years,":[35],"without":[36],"cardiovascular":[37],"disease)":[38],"digital":[41,134],"Health":[42],"Check.":[43],"A":[44],"six-arm":[45],"pragmatic":[46,81],"unregistered":[47],"randomised":[48],"controlled":[49],"trial":[50,82],"(RCT)":[51],"tested":[52,73],"different":[53],"Short":[54],"Message":[55],"Service":[56],"(SMS)":[57],"invitations.":[58],"Uptake":[59],"varied":[60],"from":[61,143],"12%":[62],"(standard":[63],"SMS)":[64],"20%":[66],"(shortest":[67],"SMS,":[68,78],"P":[69,112],"=":[70],"0.009).":[71],"three":[74],"sequential":[75],"reminders":[76],"(an":[77],"second":[80],"[SMS":[83],"vs":[84],"postal":[85,100],"reminder],":[86],"and":[87,126],"final":[89],"SMS).":[90],"The":[91,99,115],"first":[92],"SMS":[93,109,118],"reminder":[94,101,110],"increased":[95,131],"+3%.":[98],"(+7%)":[102],"was":[103],"twice":[104],"as":[105,107],"effective":[106],"the":[108],"(+3%,":[111],"<":[113],"0.0001).":[114],"\"final":[116,128],"reminder\"":[117,129],"added":[119],"+7%.":[120],"Altogether,":[121],"shorter":[122],"invites,":[123],"multi-modal":[124],"reminders,":[125],"all":[130],"uptake.":[132],"Adding":[133],"care":[135,139],"in":[137],"person":[138],"raise":[141],"50":[144],"60%.":[146],"Agile":[147],"evaluations":[148],"can":[149],"rapidly":[150],"improve":[151],"invitation":[152],"systems.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}