{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409835677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","title":"Dual stream transformer for medication state classification in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients using facial videos","display_name":"Dual stream transformer for medication state classification in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients using facial videos","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409835677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40287603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01630-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01630-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008622979","display_name":"Vasileios Skaramagkas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-8016"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Skaramagkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, GR-710 04, Greece. vskaramagkas96@gmail.com","Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 100 Nikolaou Plastira, Heraklion, GR-700 03, Greece. vskaramagkas96@gmail.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, GR-710 04, Greece. vskaramagkas96@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 100 Nikolaou Plastira, Heraklion, GR-700 03, Greece. vskaramagkas96@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081700240","display_name":"Iro Boura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-6833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138654","display_name":"University Hospital of Heraklion","ror":"https://ror.org/0312m2266","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iro Boura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, GR-711 00, Greece","School of Medicine, University of Crete, A. Kalokerinou 13, Heraklion, GR-715 00, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, GR-711 00, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138654"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, A. Kalokerinou 13, Heraklion, GR-715 00, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015140901","display_name":"Georgios Karamanis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-3022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801754460","display_name":"General University Hospital of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3d1v10","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801754460"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Karamanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Patras University Hospital, Rion, Patras, GR-264 04, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Patras University Hospital, Rion, Patras, GR-264 04, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801754460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115877553","display_name":"Ioannis Kyprakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28710699","display_name":"Hellenic Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/039ce0m20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26840924","display_name":"Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tsjvt68","country_code":"ME","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26840924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR","ME"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Kyprakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, GR-710 04, Greece","Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 100 Nikolaou Plastira, Heraklion, GR-700 03, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, GR-710 04, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26840924","https://openalex.org/I28710699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 100 Nikolaou Plastira, Heraklion, GR-700 03, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057894101","display_name":"Dimitrios I. Fotiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5987-9350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios I. Fotiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, GR-451 10, Greece","Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR-451 10, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, GR-451 10, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR-451 10, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102707462","display_name":"Zinovia Kefalopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-8043"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zinovia Kefalopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Patras University Hospital, Rion, Patras, GR-264 04, Greece. zkefalopoulou@gmail.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Patras University Hospital, Rion, Patras, GR-264 04, Greece. zkefalopoulou@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018107536","display_name":"Cleanthe Spanaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-6620"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cleanthe Spanaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, GR-711 00, Greece. kliospanaki@gmail.com","School of Medicine, University of Crete, A. Kalokerinou 13, Heraklion, GR-715 00, Greece. kliospanaki@gmail.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, GR-711 00, Greece. kliospanaki@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, A. Kalokerinou 13, Heraklion, GR-715 00, Greece. kliospanaki@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087123353","display_name":"Manolis Tsiknakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-1450"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manolis Tsiknakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, GR-710 04, Greece. tsiknaki@ics.forth.gr","Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 100 Nikolaou Plastira, Heraklion, GR-700 03, Greece. tsiknaki@ics.forth.gr"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, GR-710 04, Greece. tsiknaki@ics.forth.gr","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 100 Nikolaou Plastira, Heraklion, GR-700 03, Greece. tsiknaki@ics.forth.gr","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008622979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":7.2527,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9703972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"226","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsons-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.610100269317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5347743034362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.48108407855033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4140804708003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.408480703830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36788150668144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.33081841468811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2250240445137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14074218273162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0819115936756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.05508580803871155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.610100269317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5347743034362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48108407855033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4140804708003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.408480703830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36788150668144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.33081841468811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2250240445137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14074218273162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0819115936756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.05508580803871155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01630-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40287603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40287603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ec9079e9e0048c8a44c357efa8742d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ec9079e9e0048c8a44c357efa8742d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12033283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12033283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01630-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01630-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409835677.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409835677.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35082804","https://openalex.org/W1755205674","https://openalex.org/W1981070999","https://openalex.org/W1994261667","https://openalex.org/W2000989969","https://openalex.org/W2014583561","https://openalex.org/W2031740174","https://openalex.org/W2064963539","https://openalex.org/W2064996887","https://openalex.org/W2112455323","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2416967083","https://openalex.org/W2518916291","https://openalex.org/W2584311212","https://openalex.org/W2610024937","https://openalex.org/W2620664872","https://openalex.org/W2621950860","https://openalex.org/W2742934835","https://openalex.org/W2800532564","https://openalex.org/W2886698364","https://openalex.org/W2901519529","https://openalex.org/W2911441021","https://openalex.org/W2922472399","https://openalex.org/W2953280198","https://openalex.org/W2953389871","https://openalex.org/W3014902804","https://openalex.org/W3027727417","https://openalex.org/W3045110462","https://openalex.org/W3081838251","https://openalex.org/W3101667008","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3110068803","https://openalex.org/W3114077854","https://openalex.org/W3124592379","https://openalex.org/W3186647288","https://openalex.org/W3193657282","https://openalex.org/W3195408722","https://openalex.org/W3201295037","https://openalex.org/W4283785785","https://openalex.org/W4285730912","https://openalex.org/W4285796637","https://openalex.org/W4306868389","https://openalex.org/W4313680309","https://openalex.org/W4361216148","https://openalex.org/W4362451692","https://openalex.org/W4377093389","https://openalex.org/W4385519741","https://openalex.org/W4388219476","https://openalex.org/W4389151630","https://openalex.org/W4391098037","https://openalex.org/W4392868548","https://openalex.org/W4393229262","https://openalex.org/W4396572316","https://openalex.org/W4400350920","https://openalex.org/W4401890626","https://openalex.org/W4402978442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2229271988","https://openalex.org/W4406487592","https://openalex.org/W438207291","https://openalex.org/W2274833306","https://openalex.org/W4401814285","https://openalex.org/W3134596587","https://openalex.org/W3216329096","https://openalex.org/W2416973532","https://openalex.org/W3116665257","https://openalex.org/W2011324577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hypomimia":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,24,34,56,129],"prominent,":[3],"levodopa-responsive":[4],"symptom":[5],"in":[6,23,89],"Parkinson's":[7],"disease":[8],"(PD).":[9],"In":[10],"our":[11,126],"study,":[12],"we":[13],"aimed":[14],"to":[15,72,101,135,142,146],"distinguish":[16],"ON":[17],"and":[18,51,67,93,116,137],"OFF":[19],"dopaminergic":[20],"medication":[21],"state":[22],"cohort":[25],"of":[26,46,61,87,108,125],"PD":[27,82,109,149],"patients,":[28,83],"analyzing":[29],"their":[30],"facial":[31,48],"videos":[32],"with":[33],"unique,":[35],"interpretable":[36],"Dual":[37],"Stream":[38],"Transformer":[39],"model.":[40],"Our":[41],"approach":[42],"integrated":[43],"two":[44],"streams":[45],"data:":[47],"frame":[49],"features":[50],"optical":[52],"flow,":[53],"processed":[54],"through":[55],"transformer-based":[57],"architecture.":[58],"Various":[59],"configurations":[60],"embedding":[62],"dimensions,":[63],"dense":[64],"layer":[65],"sizes,":[66],"attention":[68],"heads":[69],"were":[70],"examined":[71],"enhance":[73],"model":[74,127],"performance.":[75],"The":[76],"final":[77],"model,":[78],"trained":[79],"on":[80],"183":[81],"attained":[84],"an":[85],"accuracy":[86],"86%":[88],"differentiating":[90],"between":[91],"ON-":[92],"OFF-medication":[94],"state.":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"uniform":[97],"classification":[98],"performance":[99],"(up":[100],"88%)":[102],"was":[103],"obtained":[104],"across":[105],"various":[106],"stages":[107],"severity,":[110],"as":[111,128],"expressed":[112],"by":[113],"the":[114,123],"Hoehn":[115],"Yahr":[117],"(H&Y)":[118],"scale.":[119],"These":[120],"values":[121],"highlight":[122],"potential":[124],"non-invasive,":[130],"cost-effective":[131],"instrument":[132],"for":[133],"clinicians":[134],"remotely":[136],"accurately":[138],"detect":[139],"patients'":[140],"response":[141],"treatment":[143],"from":[144],"early":[145],"more":[147],"advanced":[148],"stages.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}