{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410920138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","title":"From trial data to personalized medicine: a validated framework with an application to Crohn\u2019s disease","display_name":"From trial data to personalized medicine: a validated framework with an application to Crohn\u2019s disease","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410920138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40450151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01627-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01627-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073538344","display_name":"Vivek A. Rudrapatna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-3004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vivek A. Rudrapatna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. vivek.rudrapatna@ucsf.edu","Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. vivek.rudrapatna@ucsf.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. vivek.rudrapatna@ucsf.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. vivek.rudrapatna@ucsf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087280778","display_name":"Vignesh G. Ravindranath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vignesh G. Ravindranath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057009272","display_name":"Douglas Arneson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas V. Arneson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059804995","display_name":"Arman Mosenia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-2246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arman Mosenia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036068985","display_name":"Atul J. Butte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-2740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atul J. Butte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388416","display_name":"Shan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-8755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76766440","display_name":"University of San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/029m7xn54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76766440"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. swang151@usfca.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. swang151@usfca.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76766440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073538344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":1.7181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83940259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"327","last_page":"327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13569","display_name":"Microscopic Colitis","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12255","display_name":"Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.6893817782402039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.675269603729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-medicine","display_name":"Personalized medicine","score":0.652274489402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6498744487762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crohns-disease","display_name":"Crohn's disease","score":0.5743218064308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.549218475818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgroup-analysis","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","score":0.5400202870368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5135483741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-medicine","display_name":"Alternative medicine","score":0.4421220123767853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.3590829372406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3379497528076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.32466307282447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.194498211145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.18122440576553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.17800697684288025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6893817782402039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.675269603729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.652274489402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6498744487762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472","display_name":"Crohn's disease","level":3,"score":0.5743218064308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.549218475818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.5400202870368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5135483741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.4421220123767853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3590829372406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3379497528076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.32466307282447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.194498211145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.18122440576553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.17800697684288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01627-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40450151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40450151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eacacc4478e849778b5c15d7954c5d7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eacacc4478e849778b5c15d7954c5d7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12126477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12126477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01627-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01627-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1032078792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32DK007007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1176383031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR001872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2808180670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR0018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2895356224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TR001872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3091816927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K99LM014099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4452668327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32DK007007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5437152916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR001872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6245908341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR001872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332622","funder_display_name":"University of California, San Francisco"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6314206830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K99LM014099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7120641930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TR001872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7797739638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5T32DK007007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308604","display_name":"Biogen","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqkb192"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332622","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410920138.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410920138.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923600032","https://openalex.org/W2000150379","https://openalex.org/W2011837830","https://openalex.org/W2034795132","https://openalex.org/W2077531651","https://openalex.org/W2085127303","https://openalex.org/W2126807394","https://openalex.org/W2127632431","https://openalex.org/W2150683078","https://openalex.org/W2152026434","https://openalex.org/W2162766966","https://openalex.org/W2166360124","https://openalex.org/W2168370388","https://openalex.org/W2171341132","https://openalex.org/W2503670448","https://openalex.org/W2583377090","https://openalex.org/W2598864494","https://openalex.org/W3043709891","https://openalex.org/W3160315341","https://openalex.org/W3165747682","https://openalex.org/W3210657561","https://openalex.org/W4226536994","https://openalex.org/W4233817719","https://openalex.org/W4249858003","https://openalex.org/W4281951137","https://openalex.org/W4322757732","https://openalex.org/W4387310220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225745310","https://openalex.org/W2531653299","https://openalex.org/W2469201213","https://openalex.org/W3173443659","https://openalex.org/W4232007288","https://openalex.org/W2755856286","https://openalex.org/W1495335563","https://openalex.org/W4319331895","https://openalex.org/W343696274","https://openalex.org/W2550305771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"practice":[1],"is":[2],"currently":[3],"guided":[4],"by":[5],"studies":[6],"that":[7],"average":[8],"over":[9,109],"patient":[10],"outcomes.":[11],"This":[12],"may":[13,22],"not":[14],"be":[15],"the":[16,49,55,95,122,129,138,145,166],"best":[17],"approach,":[18],"as":[19],"different":[20,24,78],"patients":[21,86,127],"have":[23],"treatment":[25],"responses.":[26],"Here":[27],"we":[28,44,64],"extend":[29],"a":[30,105,153],"method":[31,158],"for":[32,40,155],"simulating":[33],"clinical":[34,148,174],"trials":[35,60,123],"to":[36,69,76,90,114,126],"identify":[37,70],"optimal":[38],"treatments":[39],"each":[41],"patient,":[42],"and":[43,151,170],"illustrate":[45],"this":[46,117,157],"approach":[47],"in":[48,121],"context":[50],"of":[51,85,107,131,140,147,168],"Crohn's":[52],"disease.":[53],"Using":[54],"data":[56],"from":[57],"15":[58],"randomized":[59],"(N":[61],"=":[62],"5703),":[63],"used":[65],"statistical":[66],"hypothesis":[67],"testing":[68],"seven":[71],"subgroups":[72],"with":[73,87,100,111],"distinct":[74],"responses":[75,89,113],"three":[77],"drug":[79,92],"classes.":[80],"The":[81],"largest":[82,97],"subgroup":[83,106],"consisted":[84],"equivocal":[88],"all":[91],"classes,":[93],"whereas":[94],"second":[96],"showed":[98],"superiority":[99],"anti-TNFs.":[101],"We":[102],"also":[103,164],"identified":[104],"women":[108],"50":[110],"superior":[112],"anti-IL-12/23s.":[115],"Interestingly,":[116],"group":[118],"appeared":[119],"under-represented":[120],"(2%)":[124],"compared":[125],"at":[128],"University":[130],"California":[132],"(25%).":[133],"Overall,":[134],"these":[135],"results":[136,163],"underscore":[137],"importance":[139,167],"studying":[141],"personalized":[142],"medicine,":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"value":[146],"trial":[149],"data,":[150],"provide":[152],"roadmap":[154],"applying":[156],"broadly":[159],"across":[160],"diseases.":[161],"These":[162],"highlight":[165],"diverse":[169],"representative":[171],"recruitment":[172],"into":[173],"trials.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}