{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410180988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","title":"High performance with fewer labels using semi-weakly supervised learning for pulmonary embolism diagnosis","display_name":"High performance with fewer labels using semi-weakly supervised learning for pulmonary embolism diagnosis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410180988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40335679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01594-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01594-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008805827","display_name":"Zixuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7968-8757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029176625","display_name":"Hui Ming Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-3921"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Ming Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023079195","display_name":"Shobhit Mathur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598460","display_name":"Unity Health Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/012x5xb44","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shobhit Mathur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046193126","display_name":"Robert B. Moreland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-1637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Moreland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017354782","display_name":"Christopher D. Witiw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-7632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598460","display_name":"Unity Health Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/012x5xb44","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Witiw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017891101","display_name":"Laura Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Juan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-7445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598460","display_name":"Unity Health Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/012x5xb44","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Jimenez-Juan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031375536","display_name":"Matias F Callejas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3971-3916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matias F. Callejas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030494893","display_name":"Djeven P. Deva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-008X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598460","display_name":"Unity Health Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/012x5xb44","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Djeven P. Deva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031279847","display_name":"Ervin Sejdi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-8298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800061829","display_name":"North York General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05b3hqn14","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800061829"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ervin Sejdi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada","The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800061829"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054411765","display_name":"Errol Colak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3771-7975"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Errol Colak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Errol.Colak@unityhealth.to","Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. Errol.Colak@unityhealth.to","Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Errol.Colak@unityhealth.to"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Errol.Colak@unityhealth.to","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. Errol.Colak@unityhealth.to","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Errol.Colak@unityhealth.to","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008805827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":5.8619,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96106844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"254","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10285","display_name":"Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2724","display_name":"Internal Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10285","display_name":"Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2724","display_name":"Internal Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9277999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-embolism","display_name":"Pulmonary embolism","score":0.7122530937194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5908679366111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5842621326446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3673214912414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3572571575641632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3408384323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3357952833175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.16087600588798523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776265017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220570","display_name":"Pulmonary embolism","level":2,"score":0.7122530937194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5908679366111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5842621326446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3673214912414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3572571575641632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3408384323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3357952833175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.16087600588798523}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01594-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40335679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40335679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd4acf6f6dc3492da32c2c1efe4c78ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd4acf6f6dc3492da32c2c1efe4c78ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12059038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12059038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01594-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01594-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410180988.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410180988.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1714783225","https://openalex.org/W2042571564","https://openalex.org/W2042716246","https://openalex.org/W2115055475","https://openalex.org/W2116052924","https://openalex.org/W2725984455","https://openalex.org/W2889846360","https://openalex.org/W2889985731","https://openalex.org/W2891492187","https://openalex.org/W2911410812","https://openalex.org/W2954494473","https://openalex.org/W2971013993","https://openalex.org/W3006692897","https://openalex.org/W3007935259","https://openalex.org/W3014795415","https://openalex.org/W3018185338","https://openalex.org/W3026931681","https://openalex.org/W3028070348","https://openalex.org/W3032586158","https://openalex.org/W3099319035","https://openalex.org/W3123661268","https://openalex.org/W3139622575","https://openalex.org/W3160333010","https://openalex.org/W3165804767","https://openalex.org/W3183988814","https://openalex.org/W3202358806","https://openalex.org/W3204961660","https://openalex.org/W4212919892","https://openalex.org/W4224304688","https://openalex.org/W4285594605","https://openalex.org/W4291238401","https://openalex.org/W4311291969","https://openalex.org/W4366599061","https://openalex.org/W4367842050","https://openalex.org/W4383186583","https://openalex.org/W4383218413","https://openalex.org/W4386285703","https://openalex.org/W4386620928","https://openalex.org/W4387618960","https://openalex.org/W4388033184","https://openalex.org/W4389614963","https://openalex.org/W4390013825","https://openalex.org/W4392748923","https://openalex.org/W4394596954","https://openalex.org/W6888897941","https://openalex.org/W6931259419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W2033914206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,44,68],"semi-weakly":[4,85],"supervised":[5,86,105],"learning":[6],"approach":[7],"for":[8,116,121],"pulmonary":[9,15,36],"embolism":[10,37],"(PE)":[11],"detection":[12],"on":[13,33,43],"CT":[14,38],"angiography":[16],"(CTPA)":[17],"to":[18,82],"alleviate":[19],"the":[20,34,92,103,117,122,139],"resource-intensive":[21],"burden":[22],"of":[23,71,76,91,99,108,114,141],"exhaustive":[24],"medical":[25],"image":[26],"annotation.":[27],"Attention-based":[28],"CNN-RNN":[29],"models":[30,87,142],"were":[31],"trained":[32],"RSNA":[35],"dataset":[39,46],"and":[40,48,60,63,119,146],"externally":[41],"validated":[42],"pooled":[45],"(Aida":[47],"FUMPE).":[49],"Three":[50],"configurations":[51],"included":[52],"weak":[53],"(examination-level":[54,65],"labels":[55,66,78,95],"only),":[56],"strong":[57,123],"(all":[58],"examination":[59],"slice-level":[61,72,77,94],"labels),":[62],"semi-weak":[64,118],"plus":[67],"limited":[69],"subset":[70],"labels).":[73],"The":[74],"proportion":[75],"varying":[79],"from":[80],"0":[81],"100%.":[83],"Notably,":[84],"using":[88],"approximately":[89],"one-quarter":[90],"total":[93],"achieved":[96],"an":[97],"AUC":[98,107],"0.928,":[100],"closely":[101],"matching":[102],"strongly":[104],"model's":[106],"0.932.":[109],"External":[110],"validation":[111],"yielded":[112],"AUCs":[113],"0.999":[115],"1.000":[120],"model.":[124],"By":[125],"reducing":[126],"labeling":[127],"requirements":[128],"without":[129],"sacrificing":[130],"diagnostic":[131],"accuracy,":[132],"this":[133],"method":[134],"streamlines":[135],"model":[136],"development,":[137],"accelerates":[138],"integration":[140],"into":[143],"clinical":[144],"practice,":[145],"enhances":[147],"patient":[148],"care.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}