{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410052828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","title":"Mitigating the risk of health inequity exacerbated by large language models","display_name":"Mitigating the risk of health inequity exacerbated by large language models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410052828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40319154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01576-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01576-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026482925","display_name":"Yuelyu Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6389-5823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuelyu Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018509477","display_name":"Weigang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-3994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhe Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088321269","display_name":"Sonish Sivarajkumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-1988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonish Sivarajkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438473","display_name":"Hang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-4105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020061023","display_name":"Eugene M. Sadhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-6730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene M Sadhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028914229","display_name":"Zhuochun Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuochun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766426","display_name":"Xizhi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-4244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xizhi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036362467","display_name":"Shyam Visweswaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-8684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyam Visweswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080116611","display_name":"Yanshan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-7839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanshan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. yanshan.wang@pitt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080116611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":48.2645,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9982842,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"246","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9470999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9470999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9444000124931335,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"Health equity","score":0.5140584707260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risk","display_name":"Health risk","score":0.45185840129852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.35033345222473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3456863760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.28542155027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.27664950489997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.19218480587005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.14542633295059204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5140584707260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.45185840129852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.35033345222473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3456863760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28542155027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27664950489997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.19218480587005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14542633295059204}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01576-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40319154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40319154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fc58149df8742a7873892983027416d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fc58149df8742a7873892983027416d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12049425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12049425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01576-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01576-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1106133522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24 TR004111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G19212606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR001857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1987916722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM014306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3338845938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR001857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7582142356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 MH136020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8216863752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM014306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8981026844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24 TR004111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410052828.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410052828.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469208519","https://openalex.org/W2898155085","https://openalex.org/W3162922479","https://openalex.org/W3173904029","https://openalex.org/W4287623114","https://openalex.org/W4304944121","https://openalex.org/W4311026115","https://openalex.org/W4360981050","https://openalex.org/W4382394524","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4385880258","https://openalex.org/W4388759569","https://openalex.org/W4390229867","https://openalex.org/W4390862266","https://openalex.org/W4391750754","https://openalex.org/W4391753532","https://openalex.org/W4392044798","https://openalex.org/W4392546128","https://openalex.org/W4401079252","https://openalex.org/W4402827393","https://openalex.org/W4404486407","https://openalex.org/W4406152279","https://openalex.org/W4407762318","https://openalex.org/W6600710202","https://openalex.org/W6609311119","https://openalex.org/W6816695178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W4220667126","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W2044165897","https://openalex.org/W2998594542","https://openalex.org/W2385230354","https://openalex.org/W2996674884","https://openalex.org/W4388765765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,11,16,78,100,109],"large":[3],"language":[4],"models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"have":[7],"demonstrated":[8],"their":[9],"potential":[10],"numerous":[12],"medical":[13,26,102],"applications,":[14],"particularly":[15],"automating":[17],"clinical":[18,29],"trial":[19],"matching":[20],"for":[21,28],"translational":[22],"research":[23],"and":[24,52,63,93],"enhancing":[25],"question-answering":[27],"decision":[30],"support.":[31],"However,":[32],"our":[33],"study":[34],"shows":[35],"that":[36],"incorporating":[37],"non-decisive":[38],"socio-demographic":[39],"factors,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"race,":[43],"sex,":[44],"income":[45],"level,":[46],"LGBT+":[47],"status,":[48],"homelessness,":[49],"illiteracy,":[50],"disability,":[51],"unemployment,":[53],"into":[54],"the":[55,95],"input":[56],"of":[57,97],"LLMs":[58,74],"can":[59],"lead":[60],"to":[61,91],"incorrect":[62],"harmful":[64],"outputs.":[65],"These":[66],"discrepancies":[67],"could":[68],"worsen":[69],"existing":[70],"health":[71,98],"disparities":[72],"if":[73],"are":[75],"broadly":[76],"implemented":[77],"healthcare.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"this":[82],"issue,":[83],"we":[84],"introduce":[85],"EquityGuard,":[86],"a":[87],"novel":[88],"framework":[89],"designed":[90],"detect":[92],"mitigate":[94],"risk":[96],"inequities":[99],"LLM-based":[101],"applications.":[103],"Our":[104],"evaluation":[105],"demonstrates":[106],"its":[107],"effectiveness":[108],"promoting":[110],"equitable":[111],"outcomes":[112],"across":[113],"diverse":[114],"populations.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}