{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408063147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","title":"A scoping review of ethical aspects of public-private partnerships in digital health","display_name":"A scoping review of ethical aspects of public-private partnerships in digital health","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408063147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40016286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01515-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01515-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025361966","display_name":"Marieke Bak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-0743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marieke A. R. Bak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. marieke.bak@tum.de","Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. marieke.bak@tum.de","Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. marieke.bak@tum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. marieke.bak@tum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116465619","display_name":"Daan Horbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daan Horbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060046585","display_name":"Alena Buyx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-7633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alena Buyx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020702389","display_name":"Stuart McLennan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-6253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart McLennan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025361966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644","https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"fwci":9.9981,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98342619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"129","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.6639053821563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5951899886131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5412386059761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.5246931910514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.47873780131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"Digital health","score":0.4199942946434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.4131143093109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.41016483306884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.342680424451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.32949286699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.22888168692588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.13028863072395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1270798146724701}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.6639053821563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5951899886131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5412386059761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5246931910514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.47873780131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.4199942946434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4131143093109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.41016483306884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.342680424451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.32949286699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.22888168692588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.13028863072395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1270798146724701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01515-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40016286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40016286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:openaire/67e6ec01-3523-43d7-a9d4-a4637a118e99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/67e6ec01-3523-43d7-a9d4-a4637a118e99","pdf_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/ws/files/139868450/A-scoping-review-of-ethical-aspects-of-public-private-partnerships-in-digital-health.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055222","display_name":"Pure Amsterdam UMC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bak, M A R, Horbach, D, Buyx, A & McLennan, S 2025, 'A scoping review of ethical aspects of public-private partnerships in digital health', npj Digital Medicine, vol. 8, no. 1, 129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:affd9caad06344f4a1d6800d2f6bbe3d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/affd9caad06344f4a1d6800d2f6bbe3d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1788761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1788761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11868512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11868512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01515-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01515-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319101","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408063147.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573157593","https://openalex.org/W1803229122","https://openalex.org/W1975701541","https://openalex.org/W2067404301","https://openalex.org/W2083646605","https://openalex.org/W2090238704","https://openalex.org/W2114239805","https://openalex.org/W2135569169","https://openalex.org/W2465767191","https://openalex.org/W2531586652","https://openalex.org/W2551792675","https://openalex.org/W2560387986","https://openalex.org/W2571770290","https://openalex.org/W2596192549","https://openalex.org/W2751131477","https://openalex.org/W2756141315","https://openalex.org/W2760971531","https://openalex.org/W2781310806","https://openalex.org/W2793748204","https://openalex.org/W2801958154","https://openalex.org/W2807429535","https://openalex.org/W2885544061","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2906233720","https://openalex.org/W2907164391","https://openalex.org/W2948572934","https://openalex.org/W2966328281","https://openalex.org/W2969107720","https://openalex.org/W2971924799","https://openalex.org/W2977858839","https://openalex.org/W2978007031","https://openalex.org/W2992151487","https://openalex.org/W3025819064","https://openalex.org/W3031657734","https://openalex.org/W3036512669","https://openalex.org/W3042637685","https://openalex.org/W3088398250","https://openalex.org/W3097915150","https://openalex.org/W3099696215","https://openalex.org/W3122280911","https://openalex.org/W3125082849","https://openalex.org/W3125532702","https://openalex.org/W3165403983","https://openalex.org/W3168527542","https://openalex.org/W3184999087","https://openalex.org/W3194287271","https://openalex.org/W3207060982","https://openalex.org/W3209161690","https://openalex.org/W3217433792","https://openalex.org/W4205725149","https://openalex.org/W4206932173","https://openalex.org/W4210739840","https://openalex.org/W4226286953","https://openalex.org/W4231345442","https://openalex.org/W4285301599","https://openalex.org/W4293247739","https://openalex.org/W4297577276","https://openalex.org/W4308747771","https://openalex.org/W4377047456","https://openalex.org/W4378211709","https://openalex.org/W4380051758","https://openalex.org/W4396637476","https://openalex.org/W4398208103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241523039","https://openalex.org/W2360028903","https://openalex.org/W4280543773","https://openalex.org/W178231042","https://openalex.org/W2366083136","https://openalex.org/W2387622493","https://openalex.org/W1932132538","https://openalex.org/W2357832196","https://openalex.org/W1566252468","https://openalex.org/W4200375594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Partnerships":[0],"between":[1],"public":[2,54,145],"and":[3,14,22,29,51,56,58,61,78,126,131,146],"private":[4,147],"organizations":[5],"in":[6,84],"digital":[7,40,141],"health":[8,41,142],"can":[9],"promote":[10],"more":[11,103],"accessible,":[12],"affordable,":[13],"high-quality":[15],"care,":[16],"but":[17],"they":[18],"also":[19],"raise":[20],"ethical":[21,37],"governance":[23,60],"challenges.":[24],"We":[25,64],"searched":[26],"PubMed,":[27],"EMBASE,":[28],"Web":[30],"of":[31,39,81,97,115,124,128,140],"Science,":[32],"identifying":[33],"46":[34],"studies":[35],"examining":[36],"aspects":[38],"public-private":[42],"partnerships":[43],"(PPPs).":[44],"Three":[45],"key":[46],"themes":[47],"emerged:":[48],"data":[49],"privacy":[50],"consent,":[52],"ensuring":[53],"benefit":[55],"access,":[57],"good":[59],"demonstrating":[62],"trustworthiness.":[63],"provide":[65],"recommendations":[66],"for":[67,91,134],"each":[68],"theme.":[69],"To":[70],"foster":[71],"responsible":[72],"innovation,":[73],"we":[74,132],"conclude":[75],"that":[76],"early":[77],"contextual":[79],"operationalisation":[80],"ethics":[82],"guidelines":[83],"PPPs":[85,101,125],"is":[86],"necessary":[87],"to":[88,110],"balance":[89],"respect":[90],"fundamental":[92],"values":[93],"with":[94],"the":[95,112,122,138],"pursuit":[96],"impactful":[98],"innovation.":[99],"If":[100],"become":[102],"successful":[104],"as":[105],"a":[106],"result,":[107],"this":[108],"contributes":[109],"reducing":[111],"research":[113,119],"waste":[114],"failed":[116],"collaborations.":[117],"Further":[118],"should":[120],"clarify":[121],"scope":[123],"definition":[127],"'public":[129],"benefit',":[130],"call":[133],"critical":[135],"study":[136],"on":[137],"'economization'":[139],"promoted":[143],"by":[144],"sector":[148],"organizations.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
