{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407354885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","title":"The foundational capabilities of large language models in predicting postoperative risks using clinical notes","display_name":"The foundational capabilities of large language models in predicting postoperative risks using clinical notes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407354885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39934379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01489-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01489-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101311546","display_name":"Charles Alba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Alba","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067015688","display_name":"Bing Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-9501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101472646","display_name":"Joanna Abraham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0235-1632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Abraham","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA","School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070305373","display_name":"Thomas Kannampallil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kannampallil","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA","McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034805517","display_name":"Chenyang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA. lu@wustl.edu","McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA. lu@wustl.edu","School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA. lu@wustl.edu","McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI for Health Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA. lu@wustl.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA. lu@wustl.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA. lu@wustl.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, 63130, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101311546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":50.8182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9982529,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3823312819004059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34309259057044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.33757323026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1463697850704193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3823312819004059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34309259057044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.33757323026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1463697850704193}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01489-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39934379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39934379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11814325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11814325","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11814325/pdf/41746_2025_Article_1489.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wustl.edu:oa_4-5861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/oa_4/4872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400764","display_name":"Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","host_organization_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2020-Current year OA Pubs","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c2763f101dfb44f29d4e80545398aa23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c2763f101dfb44f29d4e80545398aa23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01489-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5620359807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 HS029324-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407354885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407354885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546425365","https://openalex.org/W1931861466","https://openalex.org/W1970007934","https://openalex.org/W1982148001","https://openalex.org/W2006160260","https://openalex.org/W2009302300","https://openalex.org/W2048301249","https://openalex.org/W2067143182","https://openalex.org/W2101399456","https://openalex.org/W2147944763","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2331341868","https://openalex.org/W2382778107","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2926000164","https://openalex.org/W2962839482","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963716420","https://openalex.org/W3013605954","https://openalex.org/W3016341269","https://openalex.org/W3124687886","https://openalex.org/W3136630482","https://openalex.org/W3150419368","https://openalex.org/W3216225969","https://openalex.org/W4206566424","https://openalex.org/W4220881656","https://openalex.org/W4239025696","https://openalex.org/W4283711652","https://openalex.org/W4290927918","https://openalex.org/W4297253404","https://openalex.org/W4312113143","https://openalex.org/W4364860029","https://openalex.org/W4382792994","https://openalex.org/W4383618720","https://openalex.org/W4385330115","https://openalex.org/W4385381606","https://openalex.org/W4392193048","https://openalex.org/W4392504747","https://openalex.org/W4392557826","https://openalex.org/W4392976364","https://openalex.org/W4396833233","https://openalex.org/W4396951587","https://openalex.org/W4398183239","https://openalex.org/W4399803256","https://openalex.org/W4401386758","https://openalex.org/W4401397240","https://openalex.org/W4402582321","https://openalex.org/W4406152279","https://openalex.org/W6607520151","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6884859834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"notes":[1,27],"recorded":[2],"during":[3],"a":[4,96],"patient's":[5],"perioperative":[6,131],"journey":[7],"holds":[8],"immense":[9],"informational":[10],"value.":[11],"Advances":[12],"in":[13,43,119],"large":[14],"language":[15],"models":[16],"(LLMs)":[17],"offer":[18],"opportunities":[19],"for":[20,104,108,130],"bridging":[21],"this":[22],"gap.":[23],"Using":[24],"84,875":[25],"preoperative":[26],"and":[28,64,75,86,106],"its":[29],"associated":[30],"surgical":[31],"cases":[32],"from":[33],"2018":[34],"to":[35,111],"2021,":[36],"we":[37],"examine":[38],"the":[39,114],"performance":[40,72,92],"of":[41,62,66,102,117],"LLMs":[42,53,118],"predicting":[44,120],"six":[45],"postoperative":[46,121],"risks":[47],"using":[48],"various":[49],"fine-tuning":[50,69],"strategies.":[51],"Pretrained":[52],"outperformed":[54],"traditional":[55],"word":[56],"embeddings":[57],"by":[58,73,84,88],"an":[59],"absolute":[60],"AUROC":[61,83,105],"38.3%":[63],"AUPRC":[65,87,109],"33.2%.":[67],"Self-supervised":[68],"further":[70,81],"improved":[71],"3.2%":[74],"1.5%.":[76],"Incorporating":[77],"labels":[78],"into":[79],"training":[80],"increased":[82],"1.8%":[85],"2%.":[89],"The":[90],"highest":[91],"was":[93],"achieved":[94],"with":[95,100],"unified":[97],"foundation":[98],"model,":[99],"improvements":[101],"3.6%":[103],"2.6%":[107],"compared":[110],"self-supervision,":[112],"highlighting":[113],"foundational":[115],"capabilities":[116],"risks,":[122],"which":[123],"could":[124],"be":[125],"potentially":[126],"beneficial":[127],"when":[128],"deployed":[129],"care.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}