{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407163900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","title":"Multiple large language models versus experienced physicians in diagnosing challenging cases with gastrointestinal symptoms","display_name":"Multiple large language models versus experienced physicians in diagnosing challenging cases with gastrointestinal symptoms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407163900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39910315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01486-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01486-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012568239","display_name":"Xintian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-8767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124907","display_name":"Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z125451","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-8767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101436155","display_name":"Tongxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452643","display_name":"Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5623-1148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1318643470","display_name":"Union Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7r2734","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318643470"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1318643470","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010741190","display_name":"Rongchun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-1582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129708740","display_name":"Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/050s6ns64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129708740"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongchun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-1582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129708740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085582884","display_name":"Zhi Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-2937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129708740","display_name":"Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/050s6ns64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129708740"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-2937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129708740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389743","display_name":"Na Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8190-8245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128478","display_name":"Hainan General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030sr2v21","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79731167","display_name":"Hainan Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/004eeze55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79731167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128478","https://openalex.org/I79731167"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029114082","display_name":"Huihong Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihong Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100853003","display_name":"Jianghai Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087761","display_name":"Henan University Huaihe Hospital and Huaihe Clinical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/002mm7c07","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianghai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108864984","display_name":"Fandong Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147433","display_name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/053qy4437","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fandong Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210147433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075569821","display_name":"Zhongyin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9715-9821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140357","display_name":"Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ekhbz91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103270334","display_name":"Shanhong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-6769"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanhong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Limei Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17721919","display_name":"Shanxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0265d1010","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17721919"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160763","display_name":"Shanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/057ckzt47","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17721919","https://openalex.org/I4210160763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Second Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Second Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160763","https://openalex.org/I17721919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101946246","display_name":"Xiangping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790633","display_name":"Hui Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-0237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110963307","display_name":"Gui Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103214023","display_name":"Linhui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-8350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linhui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018777425","display_name":"Xiaoyu Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-5263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The 986th Hospital of Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The 986th Hospital of Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102976229","display_name":"Bo Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-2426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191996457","display_name":"Dalian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8eg608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191996457"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097509","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r67fz39","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097509"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210097509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101054660","display_name":"Xiaoning Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124907","display_name":"Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z125451","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoning Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059701020","display_name":"Weijie Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122547","display_name":"Kumamoto University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgs9327","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122547"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122547"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101978482","display_name":"Xiaoyin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-2215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446680","display_name":"Ning Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-4892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124809","display_name":"Peking University People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/035adwg89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124809","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030785854","display_name":"Rui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7459-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092230","display_name":"Beijing Shijingshan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00g87gv13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092230","https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102705206","display_name":"Baiwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-8832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135742","display_name":"Shanghai First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04a46mh28","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baiwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349257","display_name":"Yajun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5905-4621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127460","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02h8a1848","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139449","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049dkqr57","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449","https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676600","display_name":"Yaling Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-2413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393558","display_name":"Tiantian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-0408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027501932","display_name":"Shuhui Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-8388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110790274","display_name":"Yong Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762839","display_name":"Yongzhan Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhan Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061899930","display_name":"Daiming Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-0103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiming Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100948475","display_name":"Lina Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lina Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. zhaolina@fmmu.edu.cn","Department of Radiotherapy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. zhaolina@fmmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101956327","display_name":"Yanglin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-4642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanglin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. yanglinpan@hotmail.com","State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-4642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. yanglinpan@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I9916479","https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":34,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100948475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I9916479"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":11.5807,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98536027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"85"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9510999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.6605881452560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5980806350708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonnet","display_name":"Sonnet","score":0.5484800934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.5403381586074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.4140571057796478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.20210188627243042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.6605881452560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5980806350708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38721330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80056","display_name":"Sonnet","level":3,"score":0.5484800934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5403381586074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4140571057796478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20210188627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01486-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39910315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39910315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11799458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11799458","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11799458/pdf/41746_2025_Article_1486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32978c9a4f39481bacda086566ca7d43","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32978c9a4f39481bacda086566ca7d43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01486-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-025-01486-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3663315924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82000506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5352123471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81970557","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7929493312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82003152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321883","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407163900.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091875575","https://openalex.org/W2148584888","https://openalex.org/W2584596997","https://openalex.org/W2602412223","https://openalex.org/W2606270123","https://openalex.org/W2966128218","https://openalex.org/W3162922479","https://openalex.org/W4281622133","https://openalex.org/W4319662928","https://openalex.org/W4324373918","https://openalex.org/W4380730209","https://openalex.org/W4381587418","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4385573569","https://openalex.org/W4385798548","https://openalex.org/W4385849309","https://openalex.org/W4386117070","https://openalex.org/W4386501992","https://openalex.org/W4386867830","https://openalex.org/W4386881481","https://openalex.org/W4387564414","https://openalex.org/W4388331220","https://openalex.org/W4388525110","https://openalex.org/W4388869628","https://openalex.org/W4389518953","https://openalex.org/W4389917881","https://openalex.org/W4392353733","https://openalex.org/W4392746026","https://openalex.org/W4394871370","https://openalex.org/W4395068316","https://openalex.org/W4396553888","https://openalex.org/W4398775037","https://openalex.org/W4399070654","https://openalex.org/W4399543955","https://openalex.org/W4399652965","https://openalex.org/W4402670135","https://openalex.org/W4402671243","https://openalex.org/W4403813762","https://openalex.org/W4404781857","https://openalex.org/W4406152279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4285619988","https://openalex.org/W2790379726","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W2767446077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Faced":[0],"with":[1,38,123],"challenging":[2,29,36,131],"cases,":[3],"doctors":[4],"are":[5],"increasingly":[6],"seeking":[7],"diagnostic":[8,128],"advice":[9],"from":[10,48],"large":[11],"language":[12],"models":[13],"(LLMs).":[14],"This":[15],"study":[16,115],"aims":[17],"to":[18,27,44],"compare":[19],"the":[20,61,76,97],"ability":[21],"of":[22,34,68,96],"LLMs":[23,50,119],"and":[24,51,126],"human":[25],"physicians":[26],"diagnose":[28],"cases.":[30,132],"An":[31],"offline":[32],"dataset":[33],"67":[35],"cases":[37],"primary":[39],"gastrointestinal":[40],"symptoms":[41],"was":[42],"used":[43],"solicit":[45],"possible":[46],"diagnoses":[47,55,70],"seven":[49],"22":[52],"gastroenterologists.":[53],"The":[54,114],"by":[56],"Claude":[57,83],"3.5":[58,84],"Sonnet":[59,85],"covered":[60],"highest":[62],"proportion":[63],"(95%":[64,92],"confidence":[65],"interval":[66],"[CI])":[67],"instructive":[69],"(76.1%,":[71],"[70.6%-80.9%]),":[72],"significantly":[73,88],"surpassing":[74],"all":[75],"gastroenterologists":[77,98,122],"(p":[78],"<":[79,112],"0.05":[80],"for":[81],"all).":[82],"achieved":[86],"a":[87],"higher":[89],"coverage":[90],"rate":[91],"CI)":[93],"than":[94],"that":[95,117],"using":[99],"search":[100],"engines":[101],"or":[102],"other":[103],"traditional":[104],"resource":[105],"(76.1%":[106],"[70.6%-80.9%]":[107],"vs.":[108],"45.5%":[109],"[40.7%-50.4%],":[110],"p":[111],"0.001).":[113],"highlights":[116],"advanced":[118],"may":[120],"assist":[121],"instructive,":[124],"time-saving,":[125],"cost-effective":[127],"scopes":[129],"in":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
