{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406155212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","title":"Scaling convolutional neural networks achieves expert level seizure detection in neonatal EEG","display_name":"Scaling convolutional neural networks achieves expert level seizure detection in neonatal EEG","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406155212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39779830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01416-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01416-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038855992","display_name":"R. C. Hogan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9791-1581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311564700","display_name":"Ceres","ror":"https://ror.org/003sbhj60","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311564700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Hogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland. rhogan@cergenx.com","CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9791-1581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland. rhogan@cergenx.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311564700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036706635","display_name":"Sean Mathieson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-6620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101467","display_name":"Infant","ror":"https://ror.org/00men8398","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101467"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean R. Mathieson","raw_affiliation_strings":["CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101467","https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102356479","display_name":"Aurel Luca","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aurel Luca","raw_affiliation_strings":["CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012883690","display_name":"Soraia Ventura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101467","display_name":"Infant","ror":"https://ror.org/00men8398","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101467"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soraia Ventura","raw_affiliation_strings":["CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-1924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101467","https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108531527","display_name":"Sean Griffin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084014715","display_name":"Geraldine B. Boylan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101467","display_name":"Infant","ror":"https://ror.org/00men8398","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101467"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geraldine B. Boylan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101467","https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053377817","display_name":"John M. O\u2019Toole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-1183"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. O\u2019Toole","raw_affiliation_strings":["CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-1183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CergenX Ltd, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038855992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311564700"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":64.6075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99943232,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6855630874633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6575366854667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5603715181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5204401612281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47014477849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.46221867203712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.44895848631858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.380132257938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.30969226360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2352536916732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1424889862537384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.06975704431533813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6855630874633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6575366854667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5603715181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5204401612281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47014477849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.46221867203712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.44895848631858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.380132257938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30969226360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2352536916732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1424889862537384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.06975704431533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01416-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39779830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39779830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11711471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11711471","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11711471/pdf/41746_2024_Article_1416.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f30baebb107e435180eb462269de4f9f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f30baebb107e435180eb462269de4f9f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01416-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01416-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G339059223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z/17/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6234775050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"209325/Z/17/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8549752658","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"209325/Z/17/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","funder_display_name":"Wellcome"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8921435830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"209325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","display_name":"Wellcome","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320834","display_name":"Enterprise Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/023z51242"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406155212.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406155212.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1781414379","https://openalex.org/W1966716734","https://openalex.org/W1995537265","https://openalex.org/W2020458933","https://openalex.org/W2035987281","https://openalex.org/W2066997495","https://openalex.org/W2113182013","https://openalex.org/W2141014056","https://openalex.org/W2162332184","https://openalex.org/W2218061567","https://openalex.org/W2746314669","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2792850039","https://openalex.org/W2795691199","https://openalex.org/W2810030448","https://openalex.org/W2902222279","https://openalex.org/W2918225995","https://openalex.org/W2963587345","https://openalex.org/W2979475852","https://openalex.org/W2990430870","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W2999309192","https://openalex.org/W3001279689","https://openalex.org/W3080952300","https://openalex.org/W3082391965","https://openalex.org/W3090095035","https://openalex.org/W3118813920","https://openalex.org/W3152251327","https://openalex.org/W3152883356","https://openalex.org/W3156889579","https://openalex.org/W3201878590","https://openalex.org/W4200040232","https://openalex.org/W4200403066","https://openalex.org/W4206410067","https://openalex.org/W4220962505","https://openalex.org/W4225591000","https://openalex.org/W4281781592","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4321214126","https://openalex.org/W4381739313","https://openalex.org/W4388118482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2236178445","https://openalex.org/W2010456997","https://openalex.org/W2372194214","https://openalex.org/W3081640970","https://openalex.org/W4200439127","https://openalex.org/W2021013714","https://openalex.org/W2412250669","https://openalex.org/W2359856669","https://openalex.org/W1488551807","https://openalex.org/W4253009869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neonatal":[0],"seizures":[1],"require":[2],"urgent":[3],"treatment,":[4],"but":[5],"often":[6],"go":[7],"undetected":[8],"without":[9],"expert":[10,142],"EEG":[11,24,47],"monitoring.":[12],"We":[13],"have":[14],"developed":[15],"and":[16,35,65,71,80,111],"validated":[17,56],"a":[18,125],"seizure":[19,50],"detection":[20],"model":[21,53,72,96,116,139],"using":[22],"retrospective":[23],"data":[25,70,91],"from":[26],"332":[27],"neonates.":[28],"A":[29],"convolutional":[30],"neural":[31],"network":[32],"was":[33,54],"trained":[34],"tested":[36],"on":[37,57,101,121],"over":[38],"50,000":[39],"hours":[40],"(n":[41,62],"=":[42,63,67,106,109,113],"202)":[43],"of":[44],"annotated":[45],"single-channel":[46],"containing":[48],"12,402":[49],"events.":[51],"This":[52,115],"then":[55],"two":[58],"independent":[59],"multi-reviewer":[60],"datasets":[61],"51":[64],"n":[66],"79).":[68],"Increasing":[69],"size":[73],"improved":[74],"performance:":[75],"Matthews":[76],"correlation":[77,82],"coefficient":[78],"(MCC)":[79],"Pearson's":[81],"(r)":[83],"increased":[84],"by":[85],"up":[86],"to":[87],"50%":[88],"(15%)":[89],"with":[90,130],"(model)":[92],"scaling.":[93],"The":[94],"largest":[95],"(21m":[97],"parameters)":[98],"achieved":[99],"state-of-the-art":[100],"an":[102,141],"open-access":[103],"dataset":[104],"(MCC":[105],"0.764,":[107],"r":[108],"0.824,":[110],"AUC":[112],"0.982).":[114],"also":[117],"attained":[118],"expert-level":[119],"performance":[120],"both":[122],"validation":[123],"sets,":[124],"first":[126],"in":[127,134],"this":[128],"field,":[129],"no":[131],"significant":[132],"difference":[133],"inter-rater":[135],"agreement":[136],"when":[137],"the":[138],"replaces":[140],"(\u2223\u0394\u03ba\u2223":[143],"<":[144],"0.094,":[145],"p":[146],">":[147],"0.05).":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T06:56:09.383167","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}