{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404242947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","title":"Simulated misuse of large language models and clinical credit systems","display_name":"Simulated misuse of large language models and clinical credit systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404242947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39528596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01306-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01306-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110649338","display_name":"James Anibal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155647","display_name":"National Institutes of Health Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfsmv21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James T. Anibal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. anibal.james@nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. anibal.james@nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155647","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009671209","display_name":"Hannah Huth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-4794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155647","display_name":"National Institutes of Health Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfsmv21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah B. Huth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042332149","display_name":"Jasmine Gunkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9485-5250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasmine Gunkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102648388","display_name":"Susan K Gregurick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091794","display_name":"Office of the Director","ror":"https://ror.org/00fj8a872","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210091794"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan K. Gregurick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091794","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026470145","display_name":"Bradford J. Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-0051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155647","display_name":"National Institutes of Health Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfsmv21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradford J. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-0051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155647"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110649338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210155647"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":1.1058,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79381506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"317","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9426000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4413064122200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34965503215789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3330230414867401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4413064122200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34965503215789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3330230414867401}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01306-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39528596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39528596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11554647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11554647","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11554647/pdf/41746_2024_Article_1306.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c0e8e07131ee4d0393421dcdbbd28174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c0e8e07131ee4d0393421dcdbbd28174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01306-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01306-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1394560072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH Grants Z1A CL040015 and 1ZIDBC011242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4487515465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z1A CL040015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5037884760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1ZIDBC011242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5152076343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z1A CL040015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7938156865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1ZIDBC011242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G810526183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CL040015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8333577418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CL040015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307808","display_name":"Colgate-Palmolive Company","ror":"https://ror.org/03q50jp21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308398","display_name":"American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqtg495"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404242947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404242947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2801949247","https://openalex.org/W2984139605","https://openalex.org/W2994803410","https://openalex.org/W2999365564","https://openalex.org/W3014636188","https://openalex.org/W3021626303","https://openalex.org/W3035885149","https://openalex.org/W3112935637","https://openalex.org/W3123378017","https://openalex.org/W3184569878","https://openalex.org/W3204896600","https://openalex.org/W3207853086","https://openalex.org/W4200007833","https://openalex.org/W4220696171","https://openalex.org/W4220839569","https://openalex.org/W4281254423","https://openalex.org/W4281479879","https://openalex.org/W4281772028","https://openalex.org/W4287218595","https://openalex.org/W4298140152","https://openalex.org/W4306291837","https://openalex.org/W4309879460","https://openalex.org/W4310525285","https://openalex.org/W4310989650","https://openalex.org/W4313528095","https://openalex.org/W4322616538","https://openalex.org/W4322722419","https://openalex.org/W4327611086","https://openalex.org/W4365143687","https://openalex.org/W4376491640","https://openalex.org/W4378697647","https://openalex.org/W4378908362","https://openalex.org/W4381512344","https://openalex.org/W4382394524","https://openalex.org/W4384447557","https://openalex.org/W4386122321","https://openalex.org/W4386200967","https://openalex.org/W4387440625","https://openalex.org/W4388088620","https://openalex.org/W4388376757","https://openalex.org/W4389209181","https://openalex.org/W4389519982","https://openalex.org/W4389794809","https://openalex.org/W4389917881","https://openalex.org/W4391463878","https://openalex.org/W4391974599","https://openalex.org/W4392044798","https://openalex.org/W4392515337","https://openalex.org/W4393119065","https://openalex.org/W4394688596","https://openalex.org/W4395026179","https://openalex.org/W4400421821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,9,57],"future,":[2],"large":[3],"language":[4],"models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"may":[7,21,48],"enhance":[8],"delivery":[10],"of":[11,17,53,59],"healthcare,":[12],"but":[13],"there":[14],"are":[15],"risks":[16],"misuse.":[18],"These":[19],"methods":[20],"be":[22,49],"trained":[23],"to":[24],"allocate":[25],"resources":[26],"via":[27],"unjust":[28],"criteria":[29],"involving":[30],"multimodal":[31],"data":[32],"-":[33],"financial":[34],"transactions,":[35],"internet":[36],"activity,":[37],"social":[38,66],"behaviors,":[39],"and":[40,62],"healthcare":[41],"information.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44],"shows":[45],"that":[46],"LLMs":[47],"biased":[50],"in":[51],"favor":[52],"collective/systemic":[54],"benefit":[55],"over":[56],"protection":[58],"individual":[60],"rights":[61],"could":[63],"facilitate":[64],"AI-driven":[65],"credit":[67],"systems.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}