{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401810043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","title":"A portable and efficient dementia screening tool using eye tracking machine learning and virtual reality","display_name":"A portable and efficient dementia screening tool using eye tracking machine learning and virtual reality","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401810043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39174736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01206-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01206-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110735362","display_name":"Ying Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164269","display_name":"Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3xe829","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164269"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Bao'an Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Bao'an Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102804987","display_name":"Chi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3895-7949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150405","display_name":"Hongzhiwei Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bapa014","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Yiwei Technology, Shenzhen, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Yiwei Technology, Shenzhen, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082931355","display_name":"Baobao Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-8471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150405","display_name":"Hongzhiwei Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bapa014","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baobao Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Yiwei Technology, Shenzhen, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Yiwei Technology, Shenzhen, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629390","display_name":"Qing Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5519-0381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164269","display_name":"Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3xe829","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164269"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Bao'an Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China. 554208737@qq.com","Shenzhen Bao'an Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Bao'an Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China. 554208737@qq.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164269"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Bao'an Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437232","display_name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-8628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China. zhangxu880605@gmail.com","National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China. zhangxu880605@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100437232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210152380"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":9.908,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98941947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"219","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14144","display_name":"Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"Dementia","score":0.816247820854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/montreal-cognitive-assessment","display_name":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment","score":0.7419995069503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.7233970761299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.546308696269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychology","display_name":"Neuropsychology","score":0.524002194404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-assessment-system","display_name":"Cognitive Assessment System","score":0.44708049297332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","score":0.3634893298149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35227927565574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3520214259624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3493920564651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3477190136909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3433980941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32948634028434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.20870167016983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.1667838990688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.11365664005279541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.816247820854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776632958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6906262","display_name":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment","level":4,"score":0.7419995069503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.7233970761299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.546308696269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.524002194404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117812244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141157","display_name":"Cognitive Assessment System","level":4,"score":0.44708049297332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.3634893298149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35227927565574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3520214259624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3493920564651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3477190136909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3433980941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32948634028434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.20870167016983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1667838990688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11365664005279541}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01206-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39174736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39174736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11341897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11341897","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11341897/pdf/41746_2024_Article_1206.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:338caf3cbeb84ae190bb7230ad196dfe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/338caf3cbeb84ae190bb7230ad196dfe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01206-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01206-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401810043.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401810043.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1747565446","https://openalex.org/W1833523444","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W1971583858","https://openalex.org/W2024456099","https://openalex.org/W2035472651","https://openalex.org/W2069967041","https://openalex.org/W2105024128","https://openalex.org/W2109527205","https://openalex.org/W2116709840","https://openalex.org/W2793391328","https://openalex.org/W2806930271","https://openalex.org/W2883094777","https://openalex.org/W2914191961","https://openalex.org/W2945363574","https://openalex.org/W2955375710","https://openalex.org/W2972983216","https://openalex.org/W2976542917","https://openalex.org/W3014760826","https://openalex.org/W3037437335","https://openalex.org/W3037876215","https://openalex.org/W3045935503","https://openalex.org/W3048974424","https://openalex.org/W3106725626","https://openalex.org/W3137529719","https://openalex.org/W3158415858","https://openalex.org/W3161968585","https://openalex.org/W4390691951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037177045","https://openalex.org/W2388988339","https://openalex.org/W2975860613","https://openalex.org/W4400888302","https://openalex.org/W2327772511","https://openalex.org/W2773550534","https://openalex.org/W2975465555","https://openalex.org/W2943519747","https://openalex.org/W2946334011","https://openalex.org/W2967037942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dementia":[0],"represents":[1],"a":[2,41,78,107,127,172,206],"significant":[3],"global":[4],"health":[5,227],"challenge,":[6],"with":[7,138,176,193],"early":[8,92,211],"screening":[9,109],"during":[10],"the":[11,25,52,97,215],"preclinical":[12],"stage":[13],"being":[14],"crucial":[15],"for":[16,22,61,81,189,210],"effective":[17],"management.":[18],"Traditional":[19],"diagnostic":[20],"biomarkers":[21],"Alzheimer's":[23],"Disease,":[24],"most":[26],"common":[27],"form":[28],"of":[29,94,99,132,217],"dementia,":[30,44],"are":[31,58],"limited":[32],"by":[33],"cost":[34],"and":[35,67,121,157,197,223],"invasiveness.":[36],"Mild":[37],"cognitive":[38,73,82,159,191,226],"impairment":[39,160,192],"(MCI),":[40],"precursor":[42],"to":[43,72,125,153],"is":[45,102],"currently":[46],"identified":[47],"through":[48],"neuropsychological":[49],"tests":[50],"like":[51],"Montreal":[53],"Cognitive":[54,113],"Assessment":[55,114],"(MoCA),":[56],"which":[57],"not":[59],"suitable":[60],"large-scale":[62,133],"screening.":[63],"Eye-tracking":[64,112],"technology,":[65,118,220],"capturing":[66],"quantifying":[68],"eye":[69,87],"movements":[70,88],"related":[71],"behavior,":[74],"has":[75],"emerged":[76],"as":[77,91,205],"promising":[79],"tool":[80,209],"assessment.":[83],"Subtle":[84],"changes":[85],"in":[86,225],"could":[89],"serve":[90],"indicators":[93],"MCI.":[95],"However,":[96],"interpretation":[98],"eye-tracking":[100,117,147,219],"data":[101,148],"challenging.":[103],"This":[104,200],"study":[105,201],"introduced":[106],"dementia":[108,212],"tool,":[110],"VR":[111,151,224],"(VECA),":[115],"using":[116],"machine":[119,221],"learning,":[120,222],"virtual":[122],"reality":[123],"(VR)":[124],"offer":[126],"non-invasive,":[128],"efficient":[129,208],"alternative":[130],"capable":[131],"deployment.":[134],"VECA":[135],"was":[136],"conducted":[137],"201":[139],"participants":[140],"from":[141],"Shenzhen":[142],"Baoan":[143],"Chronic":[144],"Hospital,":[145],"utilizing":[146],"captured":[149],"via":[150],"headsets":[152],"predict":[154],"MoCA":[155,177],"scores":[156,188],"classify":[158],"across":[161],"different":[162],"educational":[163],"backgrounds.":[164],"The":[165],"support":[166],"vector":[167],"regression":[168],"model":[169],"employed":[170],"demonstrated":[171],"high":[173],"correlation":[174],"(0.9)":[175],"scores,":[178],"significantly":[179],"outperforming":[180],"baseline":[181],"models.":[182],"Furthermore,":[183],"it":[184],"established":[185],"optimal":[186],"cut-off":[187],"identifying":[190],"notable":[194],"sensitivity":[195],"(88.5%)":[196],"specificity":[198],"(83%).":[199],"underscores":[202],"VECA's":[203],"potential":[204],"portable,":[207],"screening,":[213],"highlighting":[214],"benefits":[216],"integrating":[218],"assessments.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
