{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401393172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","title":"A deep learning system for myopia onset prediction and intervention effectiveness evaluation in children","display_name":"A deep learning system for myopia onset prediction and intervention effectiveness evaluation in children","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401393172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39112566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01204-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01204-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055832361","display_name":"Ziyi Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-8778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135742","display_name":"Shanghai First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04a46mh28","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517","https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043034071","display_name":"Tingyao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3844-0522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingyao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450148","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-0970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026257330","display_name":"Jason C. Yam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-1486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason C. Yam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006980036","display_name":"Yang Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-8178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104218786","display_name":"Gengyou Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3033-920X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengyou Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101663416","display_name":"Hua Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120169","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g01ht84","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120169","https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015914756","display_name":"Mingguang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-2810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingguang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Ophthalmology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong","State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Ophthalmology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784059","display_name":"Dan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-7852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058554886","display_name":"Rongping Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-5998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801228662","display_name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jztag35","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801228662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongping Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801228662","https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071419774","display_name":"Bo Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-220X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010796689","display_name":"Jingjing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032502335","display_name":"Chaoxu Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-3222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120169","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g01ht84","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoxu Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120169","https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392000","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-3332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017990553","display_name":"Yanfei Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038902147","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-0395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147433","display_name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/053qy4437","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147433","https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001741546","display_name":"Xianglong Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-7836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154093214","display_name":"Xinjiang Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p455v08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154093214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802734952","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qx1ae98","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802734952"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianglong Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802734952","https://openalex.org/I154093214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101443116","display_name":"Zheyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3255-8573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335331","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-8203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039682234","display_name":"Chunyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4809-1675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111204875","display_name":"Tianyu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7033-8140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135742","display_name":"Shanghai First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04a46mh28","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517","https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019708391","display_name":"Xiaokang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361987","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-6073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106353800","display_name":"Yan-Ting Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Ting Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101192931","display_name":"Xiaohu Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022694365","display_name":"Ruilin Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8364-7859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruilin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119929943","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-7499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074520078","display_name":"Yan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5089-5963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801228662","display_name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jztag35","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801228662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801228662","https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068891693","display_name":"Dagan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071110099","display_name":"Sichen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2118-2637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sichen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068137318","display_name":"Linlin Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-5693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088371305","display_name":"Jinliuxing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-7040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinliuxing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013245576","display_name":"Zhuoting Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105949","display_name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01sqdef20","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105949"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoting Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105949","https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015039086","display_name":"Lei Bi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108832654","display_name":"Jinman Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinman Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103956386","display_name":"Fangyao Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668018","display_name":"Yuzhou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-3388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016648324","display_name":"Xiu Juan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4197-1423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiujuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081459350","display_name":"Haidong Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-7560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007639938","display_name":"Marcus Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3022-0795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["DUKE-NUS Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DUKE-NUS Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024797179","display_name":"Clement C. Tham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-6907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clement C. Tham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019493583","display_name":"Carol Y. Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-1819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Y. Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075239035","display_name":"Chi Pui Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Pui Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. cppang@cuhk.edu.hk","Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. cppang@cuhk.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102765877","display_name":"Bin Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn","MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn","MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112321281","display_name":"Xiangui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-1879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135742","display_name":"Shanghai First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04a46mh28","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China. xianhezi@163.com","Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China. xianhezi@163.com","Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China. xianhezi@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China. xianhezi@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517","https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451924","display_name":"Xun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-4343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092517","display_name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0048a4976","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135742","display_name":"Shanghai First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04a46mh28","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China. drxuxun@sjtu.edu.cn","Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China. drxuxun@sjtu.edu.cn","Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China. drxuxun@sjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China. drxuxun@sjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092517","https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":46,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055832361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210092517","https://openalex.org/I4210135742"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":14.6272,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99399197,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"206","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7345070838928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.7000762224197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.6356852650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.4151355028152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-risk","display_name":"Relative risk","score":0.41271206736564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38909080624580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.3786325454711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.31810399889945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.27912312746047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17109999060630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.10516902804374695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7345070838928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.7000762224197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6356852650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.4151355028152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.41271206736564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38909080624580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.3786325454711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.31810399889945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.27912312746047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17109999060630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10516902804374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01204-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39112566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39112566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/114132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/114132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11306751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11306751","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11306751/pdf/41746_2024_Article_1204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:039a8b13a14345e79dadae526b6c172c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/039a8b13a14345e79dadae526b6c172c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/345398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/345398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01204-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01204-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2425793243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3263376250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82273648","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4055984109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82171100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401393172.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7183366","https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W2009696545","https://openalex.org/W2023636713","https://openalex.org/W2026604531","https://openalex.org/W2048884183","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2154371500","https://openalex.org/W2228041757","https://openalex.org/W2592774827","https://openalex.org/W2755288415","https://openalex.org/W2767716616","https://openalex.org/W2775075663","https://openalex.org/W2778027947","https://openalex.org/W2811509671","https://openalex.org/W2888203650","https://openalex.org/W2891225014","https://openalex.org/W2900266642","https://openalex.org/W2920381415","https://openalex.org/W2945844418","https://openalex.org/W2949650786","https://openalex.org/W2962579127","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2965949124","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3035682985","https://openalex.org/W3044055041","https://openalex.org/W3101566148","https://openalex.org/W3103817386","https://openalex.org/W3114220869","https://openalex.org/W3117332175","https://openalex.org/W3120049458","https://openalex.org/W3155216088","https://openalex.org/W3168947860","https://openalex.org/W3207184789","https://openalex.org/W4313214568","https://openalex.org/W4317790704","https://openalex.org/W4318067097","https://openalex.org/W4362555289","https://openalex.org/W4386817904","https://openalex.org/W6743440100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374520121","https://openalex.org/W2394034517","https://openalex.org/W2900068172","https://openalex.org/W2364945429","https://openalex.org/W4388037085","https://openalex.org/W2238030311","https://openalex.org/W1982842519","https://openalex.org/W2166644286","https://openalex.org/W2590898204","https://openalex.org/W2090248941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"prevalence":[2],"of":[3,86,111,115,135,194,207,219],"myopia":[4,17,55,125,182],"worldwide":[5],"presents":[6],"a":[7,83,242],"significant":[8],"public":[9],"health":[10],"challenge.":[11],"A":[12],"key":[13],"strategy":[14],"to":[15,51,185,230],"combat":[16],"is":[18],"with":[19,113,128,140,188,233],"early":[20],"detection":[21],"and":[22,53,57,79,93,118,123,133,138,152,215,244],"prediction":[23,127],"in":[24,102,158,181],"children":[25,62,149],"as":[26,241],"such":[27],"examination":[28],"allows":[29],"for":[30,61,120,250,253],"effective":[31],"intervention":[32,251],"using":[33,65],"readily":[34],"accessible":[35],"imaging":[36],"technique.":[37],"To":[38],"this":[39],"end,":[40],"we":[41],"introduced":[42],"DeepMyopia,":[43,112],"an":[44,163,189],"artificial":[45],"intelligence":[46],"(AI)-enabled":[47],"decision":[48,247],"support":[49,248],"system":[50,249],"detect":[52],"predict":[54],"onset":[56,126],"facilitate":[58],"targeted":[59],"interventions":[60,201],"at":[63],"risk":[64],"routine":[66],"retinal":[67,87],"fundus":[68,88],"images.":[69],"Based":[70],"on":[71,82,97,169],"deep":[72],"learning":[73],"architecture,":[74],"DeepMyopia":[75,145,178,240],"had":[76],"been":[77],"trained":[78],"internally":[80],"validated":[81],"large":[84],"cohort":[85,173],"images":[89],"(n":[90,104,174],"=":[91,105,175],"1,638,315)":[92],"then":[94],"externally":[95],"tested":[96],"datasets":[98],"from":[99],"seven":[100],"sites":[101],"China":[103],"22,060).":[106],"Our":[107,237],"results":[108],"demonstrated":[109,239],"robustness":[110],"AUCs":[114,134],"0.908,":[116],"0.813,":[117],"0.810":[119],"1-,":[121],"2-,":[122],"3-year":[124],"the":[129,141,170],"internal":[130],"test":[131,143,160],"set,":[132],"0.796,":[136],"0.808,":[137],"0.767":[139],"external":[142],"set.":[144],"also":[146],"effectively":[147],"stratified":[148],"into":[150],"low-":[151],"high-risk":[153],"groups":[154],"(p":[155],"<":[156],"0.001)":[157],"both":[159],"sets.":[161],"In":[162],"emulated":[164],"randomized":[165],"controlled":[166],"trial":[167],"(eRCT)":[168],"Shanghai":[171],"outdoor":[172],"3303)":[176],"where":[177],"showed":[179],"effectiveness":[180],"prevention":[183],"compared":[184,229],"NonCyc-based":[186],"model,":[187],"adjusted":[190],"relative":[191],"reduction":[192],"(ARR)":[193],"-17.8%,":[195],"95%":[196],"CI:":[197,210,222],"-29.4%,":[198],"-6.4%.":[199],"DeepMyopia-assisted":[200],"attained":[202],"quality-adjusted":[203],"life":[204],"years":[205,218],"(QALYs)":[206],"0.75":[208],"(95%":[209,221],"0.53,":[211],"1.04)":[212],"per":[213,225],"person":[214],"avoided":[216],"blindness":[217],"13.54":[220],"9.57,":[223],"18.83)":[224],"1":[226],"million":[227],"persons":[228],"natural":[231],"lifestyle":[232],"no":[234],"active":[235],"intervention.":[236],"findings":[238],"reliable":[243],"efficient":[245],"AI-based":[246],"guidance":[252],"children.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}