{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396553888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","title":"A critical assessment of using ChatGPT for extracting structured data from clinical notes","display_name":"A critical assessment of using ChatGPT for extracting structured data from clinical notes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396553888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38693429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01079-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01079-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019285678","display_name":"Jingwei Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018106832","display_name":"Donghan M. Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1935-0214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghan M. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002454159","display_name":"Ruichen Rong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-8915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruichen Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069932890","display_name":"Kuroush Nezafati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-7362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuroush Nezafati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095961895","display_name":"Colin Treager","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Treager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023667666","display_name":"Zhikai Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-3351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikai Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029148706","display_name":"Shidan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-3261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shidan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100533819","display_name":"Xian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1140-3318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101034117","display_name":"Yujia Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-1824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017960939","display_name":"Laura J. Klesse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1323-7720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura J. Klesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111961091","display_name":"Guanghua Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-7014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghua Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070062505","display_name":"Eric D. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-4721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric D. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707493","display_name":"Xiaowei Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-7193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA. Xiaowei.zhan@utsouthwestern.edu","Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA. Xiaowei.zhan@utsouthwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407","https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661771","display_name":"Yang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-1762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA. yang.xie@utsouthwestern.edu","Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA. yang.xie@utsouthwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407","https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019285678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":26.3149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":221,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99762307,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"106","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4295578896999359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33734574913978577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4295578896999359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33734574913978577}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01079-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38693429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38693429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11063058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11063058","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11063058/pdf/41746_2024_Article_1079.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e549ab435ab1449ba0936dca3ae52846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e549ab435ab1449ba0936dca3ae52846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01079-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01079-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1038380156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM140012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1175798444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R35GM136375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1434198443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP230330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2000338700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01AI169298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2204202041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM140012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2899785452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM141519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3611247453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G374985853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DE030656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4814625141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM141519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5179270892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50CA70907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5323024524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30CA142543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5531217380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA249245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6057534710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA249245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6345853531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6458786194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP180805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6943944669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R35GM136375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7302085456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP230330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308129","funder_display_name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7804668420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01AI169298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309123","funder_display_name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G836551481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50CA70907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8447335687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DE030656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8856637555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA70907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308129","display_name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/0003xa228"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309123","display_name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/004a2wv92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396553888.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088720324","https://openalex.org/W2114843025","https://openalex.org/W2134062730","https://openalex.org/W2151068025","https://openalex.org/W2743028754","https://openalex.org/W3017538732","https://openalex.org/W3157411108","https://openalex.org/W3160137267","https://openalex.org/W4221143046","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4312113143","https://openalex.org/W4319301505","https://openalex.org/W4319301633","https://openalex.org/W4321351832","https://openalex.org/W4321366933","https://openalex.org/W4323350039","https://openalex.org/W4324308091","https://openalex.org/W4388621897","https://openalex.org/W4389520749","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6998328668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"natural":[1],"language":[2,42],"processing":[3],"(NLP)":[4],"methods":[5],"to":[6,24,28,102,144,196],"convert":[7],"free-text":[8,32],"clinical":[9,201,237],"notes":[10,34,202],"into":[11,229],"structured":[12,96,204,230],"data":[13,228],"often":[14],"require":[15],"problem-specific":[16],"annotations":[17],"and":[18,36,50,80,152,178,185,213,235],"model":[19,43,214],"training.":[20,215],"This":[21],"study":[22,189],"aims":[23],"evaluate":[25],"ChatGPT's":[26],"capacity":[27],"extract":[29,103],"information":[30,205],"from":[31],"medical":[33],"efficiently":[35],"comprehensively.":[37],"We":[38,62],"developed":[39],"a":[40,70,81],"large":[41,198],"(LLM)-based":[44],"workflow,":[45],"utilizing":[46],"systems":[47],"engineering":[48],"methodology":[49],"spiral":[51],"\"prompt":[52],"engineering\"":[53],"process,":[54],"leveraging":[55],"OpenAI's":[56],"API":[57],"for":[58,203],"batch":[59],"querying":[60],"ChatGPT.":[61],"evaluated":[63],"the":[64,90,100,117,129,132,145,161,191,219],"effectiveness":[65],"of":[66,72,83,110,119,131,147,155,165,183,193,200,222],"this":[67],"method":[68],"using":[69,194],"dataset":[71,82],"more":[73],"than":[74],"1000":[75],"lung":[76,113],"cancer":[77,114],"pathology":[78,87,150],"reports":[79],"191":[84],"pediatric":[85,170],"osteosarcoma":[86,171],"reports,":[88],"comparing":[89],"ChatGPT-3.5":[91,98,166,173],"(gpt-3.5-turbo-16k)":[92],"outputs":[93],"with":[94,106,181],"expert-curated":[95],"data.":[97],"demonstrated":[99],"ability":[101],"pathological":[104],"classifications":[105],"an":[107],"overall":[108],"accuracy":[109,182],"89%,":[111],"in":[112,224],"dataset,":[115,172],"outperforming":[116],"performance":[118,125,164],"two":[120],"traditional":[121],"NLP":[122],"methods.":[123],"The":[124,216],"is":[126],"influenced":[127],"by":[128],"design":[130],"instructive":[133],"prompt.":[134],"Our":[135,188],"case":[136],"analysis":[137],"shows":[138,160,190],"that":[139],"most":[140],"misclassifications":[141],"were":[142],"due":[143],"lack":[146],"highly":[148],"specialized":[149],"terminology,":[151],"erroneous":[153],"interpretation":[154],"TNM":[156],"staging":[157],"rules.":[158],"Reproducibility":[159],"relatively":[162],"stable":[163],"over":[167],"time.":[168],"In":[169],"accurately":[174],"classified":[175],"both":[176],"grades":[177],"margin":[179],"status":[180],"98.6%":[184],"100%":[186],"respectively.":[187],"feasibility":[192],"ChatGPT":[195],"process":[197],"volumes":[199],"extraction":[206],"without":[207],"requiring":[208],"extensive":[209],"task-specific":[210],"human":[211],"annotation":[212],"results":[217],"underscore":[218],"potential":[220],"role":[221],"LLMs":[223],"transforming":[225],"unstructured":[226],"healthcare":[227],"formats,":[231],"thereby":[232],"supporting":[233],"research":[234],"aiding":[236],"decision-making.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":146},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
