{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393335480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","title":"Foundation metrics for evaluating effectiveness of healthcare conversations powered by generative AI","display_name":"Foundation metrics for evaluating effectiveness of healthcare conversations powered by generative AI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393335480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38553625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01074-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01074-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007509620","display_name":"Mahyar Abbasian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8448-3158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahyar Abbasian","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA. abbasiam@uci.edu","University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. abbasiam@uci.edu","University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8448-3158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA. abbasiam@uci.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. abbasiam@uci.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003400590","display_name":"Elahe Khatibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-8172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140627","display_name":"System Biosciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03583w097","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140627"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140791","display_name":"Irvine University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ysmca02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elahe Khatibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA. ekhatibi@uci.edu","University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. ekhatibi@uci.edu","University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-8172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA. ekhatibi@uci.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140627"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. ekhatibi@uci.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084047638","display_name":"Iman Azimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5003-299X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Azimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5003-299X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048086803","display_name":"David Oniani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-3059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Oniani","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-3059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036846358","display_name":"Zahra Shakeri Hossein Abad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-864X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Shakeri Hossein Abad","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032002800","display_name":"Alexander Thieme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-3347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Thieme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-3347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077880633","display_name":"Ram D. Sriram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram Sriram","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013382897","display_name":"Zhongqi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-0652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-0652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080116611","display_name":"Yanshan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-7839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanshan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-7839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080082088","display_name":"Bryant Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-0522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryant Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-0522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078274543","display_name":"Olivier Gevaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-5466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Gevaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-5466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009049500","display_name":"Li-Jia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-7013"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Jia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010478919","display_name":"Ramesh Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-4966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042140592","display_name":"Amir M. Rahmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-1155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir M. Rahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthUnity, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003400590","https://openalex.org/A5007509620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I4210140627","https://openalex.org/I4210140791"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":46.7943,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99899199,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"82","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6187343001365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6127030253410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6009437441825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5253317356109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4214578866958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.4175732135772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32018184661865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11508432030677795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6187343001365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6127030253410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6009437441825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5253317356109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4214578866958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4175732135772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32018184661865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11508432030677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01074-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38553625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38553625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8c32x7f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c32x7f1","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt8c32x7f1/qt8c32x7f1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, vol 7, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10980701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10980701","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10980701/pdf/41746_2024_Article_1074.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:ark:/13030/qt8c32x7f1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7200320f40114efc894e8403816b5323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7200320f40114efc894e8403816b5323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01074-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01074-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393335480.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525961042","https://openalex.org/W1554804307","https://openalex.org/W2006830263","https://openalex.org/W2052312648","https://openalex.org/W2105949371","https://openalex.org/W2250392877","https://openalex.org/W2546672044","https://openalex.org/W2747680751","https://openalex.org/W2765111838","https://openalex.org/W2803437104","https://openalex.org/W2888302696","https://openalex.org/W2888482885","https://openalex.org/W2890894339","https://openalex.org/W2903928064","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2912924812","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2946609015","https://openalex.org/W2953271402","https://openalex.org/W2954178930","https://openalex.org/W2962974452","https://openalex.org/W2963015836","https://openalex.org/W2963077125","https://openalex.org/W2963672599","https://openalex.org/W2963929190","https://openalex.org/W2963963993","https://openalex.org/W2964235839","https://openalex.org/W2965364510","https://openalex.org/W2970476646","https://openalex.org/W2970785793","https://openalex.org/W2973122905","https://openalex.org/W2988937804","https://openalex.org/W2996728628","https://openalex.org/W2997281057","https://openalex.org/W2998563994","https://openalex.org/W3004991224","https://openalex.org/W3034275286","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3080234712","https://openalex.org/W3083410900","https://openalex.org/W3100355250","https://openalex.org/W3104041537","https://openalex.org/W3105882417","https://openalex.org/W3112689365","https://openalex.org/W3116832844","https://openalex.org/W3123340107","https://openalex.org/W3125166688","https://openalex.org/W3134642945","https://openalex.org/W3135734416","https://openalex.org/W3156365820","https://openalex.org/W3156597930","https://openalex.org/W3162922479","https://openalex.org/W3163286462","https://openalex.org/W3174150157","https://openalex.org/W3174588372","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W3197875777","https://openalex.org/W3200742808","https://openalex.org/W3201174429","https://openalex.org/W3202472344","https://openalex.org/W3207316473","https://openalex.org/W3207616551","https://openalex.org/W4206256378","https://openalex.org/W4221045317","https://openalex.org/W4224088803","https://openalex.org/W4226345832","https://openalex.org/W4283455204","https://openalex.org/W4285245049","https://openalex.org/W4287854593","https://openalex.org/W4297253404","https://openalex.org/W4297834221","https://openalex.org/W4298181573","https://openalex.org/W4302306219","https://openalex.org/W4308244910","https://openalex.org/W4310920548","https://openalex.org/W4320165837","https://openalex.org/W4321854923","https://openalex.org/W4322718191","https://openalex.org/W4327809997","https://openalex.org/W4362707083","https://openalex.org/W4363671827","https://openalex.org/W4366327625","https://openalex.org/W4368367885","https://openalex.org/W4377024131","https://openalex.org/W4378085492","https://openalex.org/W4378189609","https://openalex.org/W4378464464","https://openalex.org/W4378469989","https://openalex.org/W4378718543","https://openalex.org/W4379958452","https://openalex.org/W4380136478","https://openalex.org/W4380994495","https://openalex.org/W4381586841","https://openalex.org/W4381930847","https://openalex.org/W4382173247","https://openalex.org/W4382930233","https://openalex.org/W4383302399","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4385365852","https://openalex.org/W4385570982","https://openalex.org/W4385571232","https://openalex.org/W4385679821","https://openalex.org/W4385764034","https://openalex.org/W4389009545","https://openalex.org/W4389518624","https://openalex.org/W4389519254","https://openalex.org/W4389519430","https://openalex.org/W4389519585","https://openalex.org/W4389520538","https://openalex.org/W4389520749","https://openalex.org/W4389524534","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4392669753","https://openalex.org/W6632455782","https://openalex.org/W6676984168","https://openalex.org/W6772715161","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6788175385","https://openalex.org/W6794071752","https://openalex.org/W6794686226","https://openalex.org/W6798182279","https://openalex.org/W6800875267","https://openalex.org/W6803096969","https://openalex.org/W6811129797","https://openalex.org/W6849590751","https://openalex.org/W6851775633","https://openalex.org/W6851896007","https://openalex.org/W6852449896","https://openalex.org/W6852754783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109940557","https://openalex.org/W2466832359","https://openalex.org/W4391210591","https://openalex.org/W1582019636","https://openalex.org/W1499005795","https://openalex.org/W3172493050","https://openalex.org/W4385420271","https://openalex.org/W4312192618","https://openalex.org/W2593798266","https://openalex.org/W4385414918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"Artificial":[1],"Intelligence":[2],"is":[3,57,143],"set":[4,86,168],"to":[5,58,144,154,173],"revolutionize":[6],"healthcare":[7,72,78,179],"delivery":[8],"by":[9],"transforming":[10],"traditional":[11],"patient":[12,61],"care":[13],"into":[14],"a":[15,82,105,166,208],"more":[16],"personalized,":[17],"efficient,":[18],"and":[19,51,84,111,114,135,199,216,233],"proactive":[20],"process.":[21,240],"Chatbots,":[22],"serving":[23],"as":[24,227],"interactive":[25,158],"conversational":[26,91,159],"models,":[27],"will":[28],"probably":[29],"drive":[30],"this":[31,141],"patient-centered":[32],"transformation":[33],"in":[34,117,161,201,207,237],"healthcare.":[35,162],"Through":[36],"the":[37,55,65,68,155,176,211,228,238],"provision":[38],"of":[39,49,77,87,107,140,157,169,178,190],"various":[40,98],"services,":[41],"including":[42,128],"diagnosis,":[43],"personalized":[44],"lifestyle":[45],"recommendations,":[46],"dynamic":[47],"scheduling":[48],"follow-ups,":[50],"mental":[52],"health":[53,62,112],"support,":[54],"objective":[56],"substantially":[59],"augment":[60],"outcomes,":[63],"all":[64],"while":[66],"mitigating":[67],"workload":[69],"burden":[70],"on":[71,195,223],"providers.":[73],"The":[74,138],"life-critical":[75],"nature":[76],"applications":[79],"necessitates":[80],"establishing":[81],"unified":[83],"comprehensive":[85,167],"evaluation":[88,94,148,170,189,231,239],"metrics":[89,95,123,149,171,186],"for":[90,97],"models.":[92],"Existing":[93],"proposed":[96],"generic":[99],"large":[100],"language":[101,191],"models":[102,160],"(LLMs)":[103],"demonstrate":[104],"lack":[106],"comprehension":[108],"regarding":[109],"medical":[110],"concepts":[113],"their":[115],"significance":[116],"promoting":[118],"patients'":[119],"well-being.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"these":[122,218],"neglect":[124],"pivotal":[125],"user-centered":[126],"aspects,":[127],"trust-building,":[129],"ethics,":[130],"personalization,":[131],"empathy,":[132],"user":[133],"comprehension,":[134],"emotional":[136],"support.":[137],"purpose":[139],"paper":[142],"explore":[145],"state-of-the-art":[146],"LLM-based":[147],"that":[150],"are":[151],"specifically":[152],"applicable":[153],"assessment":[156],"Subsequently,":[163],"we":[164,205],"present":[165],"designed":[172],"thoroughly":[174],"assess":[175],"performance":[177],"chatbots":[180],"from":[181],"an":[182,188],"end-user":[183],"perspective.":[184],"These":[185],"encompass":[187],"processing":[192],"abilities,":[193],"impact":[194],"real-world":[196],"clinical":[197],"tasks,":[198],"effectiveness":[200],"user-interactive":[202],"conversations.":[203],"Finally,":[204],"engage":[206],"discussion":[209],"concerning":[210],"challenges":[212],"associated":[213],"with":[214,220],"defining":[215],"implementing":[217],"metrics,":[219],"particular":[221],"emphasis":[222],"confounding":[224],"factors":[225],"such":[226],"target":[229],"audience,":[230],"methods,":[232],"prompt":[234],"techniques":[235],"involved":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
