{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393094536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","title":"Digital twins for health: a scoping review","display_name":"Digital twins for health: a scoping review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393094536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38519626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01073-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01073-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062339667","display_name":"Evangelia Katsoulakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-6303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelia Katsoulakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA","VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341403","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4195-6933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011747432","display_name":"Huanmei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-6044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanmei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068687664","display_name":"Leili Shahriyari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-8449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leili Shahriyari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065184377","display_name":"R. Fletcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-8417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005670084","display_name":"Jinwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-5974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8248082","display_name":"Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4wc133","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086736683","display_name":"Luke E. K. Achenie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-5346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Achenie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027449919","display_name":"Hongfang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-7278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087584073","display_name":"Pamela Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program & Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program & Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079985074","display_name":"Ying Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-6394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057284370","display_name":"Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, 95120, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, 95120, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024750927","display_name":"Richard Tuli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2360-4179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Tuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071461784","display_name":"Jun Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-8054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. Jun.Deng@yale.edu","Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. Jun.Deng@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071461784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":165.7919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":491,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99992954,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"77","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9538999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9366000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6951270699501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6060194373130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.5965780019760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realm","display_name":"Realm","score":0.5900751352310181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5113784670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-delivery","display_name":"Healthcare delivery","score":0.4802458584308624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"Digital health","score":0.4721876382827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3977501690387726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.35136234760284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3341216444969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31746864318847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29269737005233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2669811248779297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6951270699501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6060194373130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5965780019760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.5900751352310181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5113784670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018457447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Healthcare delivery","level":3,"score":0.4802458584308624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.4721876382827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3977501690387726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.35136234760284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3341216444969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31746864318847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29269737005233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2669811248779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01073-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38519626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38519626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10960047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10960047","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10960047/pdf/41746_2024_Article_1073.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu:uthshis_docs-1514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthshis_docs/523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196655","display_name":"Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1337852284","host_organization_name":"Texas Medical Center","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337852284"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty, Staff and Student Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be02e61ec4444074b1b62f58a6f214a8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be02e61ec4444074b1b62f58a6f214a8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01073-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2745129879","display_name":"Collaborative Research: A Generalizable Data Framework Towards Precision Radiotherapy","funder_award_id":"1918925","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365969792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1954532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6755165505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"award","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6755331250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPSCOR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7320824963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8921292286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2038080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319233","display_name":"South Carolina EPSCoR","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04k9mqs78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393094536.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997362383","https://openalex.org/W2025349319","https://openalex.org/W2046074714","https://openalex.org/W2047355416","https://openalex.org/W2131414969","https://openalex.org/W2523153599","https://openalex.org/W2759174152","https://openalex.org/W2786689981","https://openalex.org/W2810688527","https://openalex.org/W2886544065","https://openalex.org/W2896913895","https://openalex.org/W2902699143","https://openalex.org/W2915663023","https://openalex.org/W2941876953","https://openalex.org/W2943927267","https://openalex.org/W2964507182","https://openalex.org/W2974138729","https://openalex.org/W2982183961","https://openalex.org/W2999365564","https://openalex.org/W3003174623","https://openalex.org/W3009990251","https://openalex.org/W3013655964","https://openalex.org/W3014304753","https://openalex.org/W3021329632","https://openalex.org/W3022623176","https://openalex.org/W3035761818","https://openalex.org/W3036108968","https://openalex.org/W3047581883","https://openalex.org/W3105752584","https://openalex.org/W3115120368","https://openalex.org/W3116048312","https://openalex.org/W3157196046","https://openalex.org/W3164820824","https://openalex.org/W3178150555","https://openalex.org/W3180753426","https://openalex.org/W3182662865","https://openalex.org/W3184569878","https://openalex.org/W3190256747","https://openalex.org/W3196258207","https://openalex.org/W3196609471","https://openalex.org/W3205912730","https://openalex.org/W3212846972","https://openalex.org/W4200055928","https://openalex.org/W4200407494","https://openalex.org/W4206832190","https://openalex.org/W4210938064","https://openalex.org/W4212763425","https://openalex.org/W4221007258","https://openalex.org/W4223456836","https://openalex.org/W4224301956","https://openalex.org/W4228998153","https://openalex.org/W4280608208","https://openalex.org/W4285390111","https://openalex.org/W4289277903","https://openalex.org/W4290755645","https://openalex.org/W4292236560","https://openalex.org/W4292290896","https://openalex.org/W4296078747","https://openalex.org/W4296613139","https://openalex.org/W4302304621","https://openalex.org/W4312093658","https://openalex.org/W4313590025","https://openalex.org/W4320712658","https://openalex.org/W4366177730","https://openalex.org/W4367669572","https://openalex.org/W4378078050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2359053655","https://openalex.org/W2387777532","https://openalex.org/W2382709029","https://openalex.org/W2389147080","https://openalex.org/W2377883125","https://openalex.org/W2362479786","https://openalex.org/W2392455911","https://openalex.org/W2278792348","https://openalex.org/W4380730036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21,54],"use":[1],"of":[2,23,57,116,120,136,148,162,166,177],"digital":[3,24],"twins":[4],"(DTs)":[5],"has":[6],"proliferated":[7],"across":[8],"various":[9,92],"fields":[10],"and":[11,40,44,46,60,67,79,87,102,128,131,139,158,172],"industries,":[12],"with":[13],"a":[14,149],"recent":[15],"surge":[16],"in":[17,63,98,107,122,142,174],"the":[18,34,72,99,117,133,146,160,175],"healthcare":[19,36,157],"sector.":[20],"concept":[22],"twin":[25],"for":[26,164],"health":[27,47],"(DT4H)":[28],"holds":[29],"great":[30],"promise":[31],"to":[32,74,155],"revolutionize":[33],"entire":[35],"system,":[37],"including":[38],"management":[39],"delivery,":[41],"disease":[42],"treatment":[43],"prevention,":[45],"well-being":[48],"maintenance,":[49],"ultimately":[50],"improving":[51],"human":[52],"life.":[53],"rapid":[55],"growth":[56],"big":[58],"data":[59,64],"continuous":[61],"advancement":[62],"science":[65],"(DS)":[66],"artificial":[68],"intelligence":[69],"(AI)":[70],"have":[71,95],"potential":[73],"significantly":[75],"expedite":[76],"DT":[77,93,178],"research":[78,126,138,171],"development":[80,140,173],"by":[81],"providing":[82],"scientific":[83],"expertise,":[84],"essential":[85],"data,":[86],"robust":[88],"cybertechnology":[89],"infrastructure.":[90],"Although":[91],"initiatives":[94],"been":[96],"underway":[97],"industry,":[100],"government,":[101],"military,":[103],"DT4H":[104],"is":[105],"still":[106],"its":[108],"early":[109],"stages.":[110],"This":[111],"paper":[112],"presents":[113],"an":[114],"overview":[115],"current":[118,134],"applications":[119],"DTs":[121],"healthcare,":[123],"examines":[124],"consortium":[125],"centers":[127],"their":[129],"limitations,":[130],"surveys":[132],"landscape":[135],"emerging":[137],"opportunities":[141],"healthcare.":[143],"We":[144],"envision":[145],"emergence":[147],"collaborative":[150],"global":[151],"effort":[152],"among":[153],"stakeholders":[154],"enhance":[156],"improve":[159],"quality":[161],"life":[163],"millions":[165],"individuals":[167],"worldwide":[168],"through":[169],"pioneering":[170],"realm":[176],"technology.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":110},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":314},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
