{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390535718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","title":"Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390535718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38172429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056191432","display_name":"Aaron T. C. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5730-7674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron T. C. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5730-7674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108311737","display_name":"Roy T. F. Ip","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy T. F. Ip","raw_affiliation_strings":["JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016645400","display_name":"Joshua Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-7288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Y. S. Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-7288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075890276","display_name":"Joyce Y.C. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-7727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joyce Y. C. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023189288","display_name":"Kelvin Tsoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin K. F. Tsoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. kelvintsoi@cuhk.edu.hk","Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. kelvintsoi@cuhk.edu.hk","Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. kelvintsoi@cuhk.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. kelvintsoi@cuhk.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023189288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"fwci":16.9743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99951854,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"Dementia","score":0.8042465448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psycinfo","display_name":"PsycINFO","score":0.6916594505310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-memory","display_name":"Visual memory","score":0.609125018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-memory","display_name":"Verbal memory","score":0.5834383964538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychology","display_name":"Neuropsychology","score":0.5787218809127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.5737700462341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-training","display_name":"Cognitive training","score":0.5671199560165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.5523689985275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"Working memory","score":0.5413964986801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5387225151062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-impairment","display_name":"Memory impairment","score":0.45601749420166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4273381531238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4236326813697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory-training","display_name":"Working memory training","score":0.42278528213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.40997955203056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.33995556831359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.33847910165786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.28955215215682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.16215717792510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.12396678328514099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.8042465448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.6916594505310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178278151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936607","display_name":"Visual memory","level":3,"score":0.609125018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105641010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920941","display_name":"Verbal memory","level":3,"score":0.5834383964538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.5787218809127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5737700462341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498506","display_name":"Cognitive training","level":3,"score":0.5671199560165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5523689985275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.5413964986801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5387225151062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018842126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11072","display_name":"Memory impairment","level":3,"score":0.45601749420166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4273381531238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4236326813697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778730409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034979","display_name":"Working memory training","level":4,"score":0.42278528213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.40997955203056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.33995556831359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.33847910165786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.28955215215682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16215717792510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.12396678328514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38172429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38172429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10764827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10764827","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10764827/pdf/41746_2023_Article_987.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fb7323306c04e37973719610adb7706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fb7323306c04e37973719610adb7706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390535718.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205594900","https://openalex.org/W1219728146","https://openalex.org/W1905660693","https://openalex.org/W1939289671","https://openalex.org/W1973244821","https://openalex.org/W1975076148","https://openalex.org/W1991952617","https://openalex.org/W2010817183","https://openalex.org/W2015467142","https://openalex.org/W2019300856","https://openalex.org/W2033585778","https://openalex.org/W2040791183","https://openalex.org/W2055649795","https://openalex.org/W2057843174","https://openalex.org/W2058782217","https://openalex.org/W2059481988","https://openalex.org/W2062741989","https://openalex.org/W2077366051","https://openalex.org/W2087314153","https://openalex.org/W2087849581","https://openalex.org/W2094554393","https://openalex.org/W2097991838","https://openalex.org/W2105347721","https://openalex.org/W2113097158","https://openalex.org/W2115790527","https://openalex.org/W2122134216","https://openalex.org/W2134833483","https://openalex.org/W2136403658","https://openalex.org/W2149450071","https://openalex.org/W2151989011","https://openalex.org/W2156220037","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2159122349","https://openalex.org/W2168357345","https://openalex.org/W2218706065","https://openalex.org/W2299970526","https://openalex.org/W2430648854","https://openalex.org/W2517865767","https://openalex.org/W2553827870","https://openalex.org/W2568696189","https://openalex.org/W2620325453","https://openalex.org/W2621954236","https://openalex.org/W2727354882","https://openalex.org/W2773155720","https://openalex.org/W2778286472","https://openalex.org/W2780732598","https://openalex.org/W2791165633","https://openalex.org/W2860007030","https://openalex.org/W2892013400","https://openalex.org/W2896186615","https://openalex.org/W2904330100","https://openalex.org/W2909351650","https://openalex.org/W2913188728","https://openalex.org/W2936210394","https://openalex.org/W2955635130","https://openalex.org/W2969671312","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2996765529","https://openalex.org/W3019334930","https://openalex.org/W3039471527","https://openalex.org/W3046275966","https://openalex.org/W3084304778","https://openalex.org/W3100065348","https://openalex.org/W3153831185","https://openalex.org/W3166888406","https://openalex.org/W3187109793","https://openalex.org/W4206055706","https://openalex.org/W4214722565","https://openalex.org/W4221049185","https://openalex.org/W4225849763","https://openalex.org/W4226373958","https://openalex.org/W4365812542","https://openalex.org/W6795467909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3088125708","https://openalex.org/W4298782618","https://openalex.org/W2894383784","https://openalex.org/W4304161204","https://openalex.org/W2763575554","https://openalex.org/W2937975354","https://openalex.org/W4230493685","https://openalex.org/W3045543356","https://openalex.org/W2419255868","https://openalex.org/W2777664083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Dementia":[1],"is":[2,14,198,223],"a":[3,15,208,215],"common":[4],"medical":[5],"condition":[6],"in":[7,35,88,129,150,168,182,204,229],"the":[8,25,81,234,240],"ageing":[9],"population,":[10],"and":[11,50,61,67,96,141,159,211],"cognitive":[12,20,29],"intervention":[13],"non-pharmacologic":[16],"strategy":[17],"to":[18,74,105,190,207,214,250],"improve":[19,244],"functions.":[21],"This":[22],"meta-analysis":[23],"evaluated":[24],"benefits":[26],"of":[27,83,99,115],"computerized":[28],"training":[30],"(CCT)":[31],"on":[32,58,63,70,85,225],"memory":[33,86,131,138,143,152,156,161,170,184,227,246],"functions":[34],"individuals":[36,89,230],"with":[37,46,90,124,177,231],"MCI":[38,91,205],"or":[39,92],"dementia.":[40,93],"The":[41,54,218],"study":[42],"was":[43,56],"registered":[44],"prospectively":[45],"PROSPERO":[47],"under":[48],"CRD42022363715":[49],"received":[51],"no":[52],"funding.":[53],"search":[55,111],"conducted":[57],"MEDLINE,":[59],"Embase,":[60],"PsycINFO":[62],"Sept":[64],"19,":[65],"2022,":[66],"Google":[68],"Scholar":[69],"May":[71],"9,":[72],"2023,":[73],"identify":[75],"randomized":[76],"controlled":[77],"trials":[78],"that":[79,221],"examined":[80],"effects":[82],"CCT":[84,126,147,165,179,222,252],"outcomes":[87,206,213],"Mean":[94],"differences":[95],"standard":[97],"deviations":[98],"neuropsychological":[100],"assessment":[101],"scores":[102],"were":[103,119],"extracted":[104],"derive":[106],"standardized":[107],"mean":[108],"differences.":[109],"Our":[110],"identified":[112],"10,678":[113],"studies,":[114],"which":[116,200],"35":[117],"studies":[118],"included.":[120],"Among":[121,174],"1489":[122],"participants":[123,176],"MCI,":[125],"showed":[127,148,166,180,237],"improvements":[128,149],"verbal":[130,151,169,183,245],"(SMD":[132],"(95%CI)":[133],"=":[134],"0.55":[135],"(0.35\u20130.74)),":[136],"visual":[137,155],"(0.36":[139],"(0.12\u20130.60)),":[140],"working":[142,160],"(0.37":[144],"(0.10\u20130.64)).":[145],"Supervised":[146],"(0.72":[153],"(0.45\u20130.98)),":[154],"(0.51":[157],"(0.22\u20130.79)),":[158],"(0.33":[162],"(0.01\u20130.66)).":[163],"Unsupervised":[164],"improvement":[167,181],"(0.21":[171],"(0.04\u20130.38))":[172],"only.":[173,187],"371":[175],"dementia,":[178],"(0.64":[185],"(0.02\u20131.27))":[186],"Inconsistency":[188],"due":[189],"heterogeneity":[191],"(as":[192],"indicated":[193],"by":[194],"I":[195],"2":[196],"values)":[197],"observed,":[199],"reduces":[201],"our":[202],"confidence":[203],"moderate":[209],"level":[210],"dementia":[212],"low":[216],"level.":[217],"results":[219],"suggest":[220],"efficacious":[224],"various":[226],"domains":[228],"MCI.":[232],"Although":[233],"supervised":[235],"approach":[236,242],"greater":[238],"effects,":[239],"unsupervised":[241],"can":[243],"while":[247],"allowing":[248],"users":[249],"receive":[251],"at":[253],"home":[254],"without":[255],"engaging":[256],"as":[257],"many":[258],"healthcare":[259],"resources.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}