{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390616375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","title":"Machine learning-based clinical decision support system for treatment recommendation and overall survival prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-center study","display_name":"Machine learning-based clinical decision support system for treatment recommendation and overall survival prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-center study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390616375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38182886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100768094","display_name":"Kyung Hwa Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-8451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799980853","display_name":"Korea University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs2sd33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Hwa Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-8451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055576688","display_name":"Gwang Hyeon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-8427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803058125","display_name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb3km46","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwang Hyeon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028436330","display_name":"Jihye Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-6687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihye Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-6687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116631150","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027735596","display_name":"Jonggi Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonggi Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116631150","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046178076","display_name":"Myung Ji Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802194831","display_name":"Samsung Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a15z872","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myung Ji Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089872352","display_name":"Dong Hyun Sinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-5554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802194831","display_name":"Samsung Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a15z872","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Hyun Sinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110481166","display_name":"Young Joo Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153373","display_name":"Inha University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gj5px28","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574","https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Joo Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009135089","display_name":"Minseok Albert Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1850-9406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseok Albert Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062596225","display_name":"Su Jong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-7977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Jong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090655403","display_name":"Sangmi Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5529-7735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803058125","display_name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb3km46","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153373","display_name":"Inha University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gj5px28","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574","https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangmi Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea","Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053917380","display_name":"Soon Kyu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1865-8225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102816","display_name":"The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/017gxrm85","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102816","https://openalex.org/I4405260414","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160144","display_name":"The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056cn0e37","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I4405260414","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon Kyu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea","Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037984062","display_name":"Jeong Won Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-8474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160144","display_name":"The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056cn0e37","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I4405260414","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong Won Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100694892","display_name":"Jae Seung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-0967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Seung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404804","display_name":"Do Young Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-3439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Do Young Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078573156","display_name":"Young Youn Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-5357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153376","display_name":"Chung-Ang University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4mh63","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376","https://openalex.org/I4405261496","https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Youn Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744568","display_name":"Hyung Joon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-948X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153376","display_name":"Chung-Ang University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4mh63","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376","https://openalex.org/I4405261496","https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069131178","display_name":"Se\u2010Hwa Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799980853","display_name":"Korea University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs2sd33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800001333","display_name":"Bundang Jesaeng Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03z0bdc81","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800001333"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sehwa Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800001333"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013365638","display_name":"Ji Hoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3924-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799980853","display_name":"Korea University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs2sd33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Hoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004946653","display_name":"Namkug Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-2217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Namkug Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. namkugkim@gmail.com","Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. namkugkim@gmail.com","Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-2217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. namkugkim@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. namkugkim@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116631150","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089499718","display_name":"Kang Mo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-3178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kang Mo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kimkm70@amc.seoul.kr","Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-3178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kimkm70@amc.seoul.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116631150","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004946653","https://openalex.org/A5089499718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116631150","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"fwci":8.2839,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98480786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7505373954772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brier-score","display_name":"Brier score","score":0.6391621828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.619559645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5153366923332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4878826141357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47191956639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.4674450159072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4487996995449066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority rule","score":0.432095468044281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.429138720035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.38397216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.25477832555770874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7505373954772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35405484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967066","display_name":"Brier score","level":2,"score":0.6391621828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.619559645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5153366923332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4878826141357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47191956639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4674450159072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4487996995449066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.432095468044281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.429138720035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38397216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.25477832555770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38182886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38182886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10770025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10770025","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10770025/pdf/41746_2023_Article_976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db78a9799bd04ddca825268850366cd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db78a9799bd04ddca825268850366cd4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322107","display_name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00fdzyk40"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390616375.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1907994617","https://openalex.org/W1986546598","https://openalex.org/W1996987764","https://openalex.org/W1997533142","https://openalex.org/W2026750231","https://openalex.org/W2028319026","https://openalex.org/W2031184266","https://openalex.org/W2073001877","https://openalex.org/W2091802880","https://openalex.org/W2116825089","https://openalex.org/W2155982020","https://openalex.org/W2186162088","https://openalex.org/W2277004004","https://openalex.org/W2404776032","https://openalex.org/W2582878252","https://openalex.org/W2796067155","https://openalex.org/W2898197178","https://openalex.org/W2911965732","https://openalex.org/W2963470017","https://openalex.org/W2969969042","https://openalex.org/W2985583390","https://openalex.org/W2988359971","https://openalex.org/W3004612364","https://openalex.org/W3007100994","https://openalex.org/W3012041784","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3037964460","https://openalex.org/W3042282673","https://openalex.org/W3083817441","https://openalex.org/W3086029573","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3134687420","https://openalex.org/W3136026849","https://openalex.org/W4210676880","https://openalex.org/W4210955410","https://openalex.org/W4285012367","https://openalex.org/W4303685901","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4313289487","https://openalex.org/W4321636153","https://openalex.org/W3092957444","https://openalex.org/W1845209238","https://openalex.org/W4252172277","https://openalex.org/W2953079191","https://openalex.org/W3080944905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66,168,217],"treatment":[1,34,95,121,147,155,242],"decisions":[2],"for":[3,47,61,227],"patients":[4],"with":[5,81,126],"hepatocellular":[6],"carcinoma":[7],"are":[8],"determined":[9],"by":[10,134,223],"a":[11,19,39,79,110],"wide":[12],"range":[13],"of":[14,25,86,154,197],"factors,":[15],"and":[16,30,63,68,73,101,119,129,138,160,165,173,193,203,208,211,214],"there":[17],"is":[18],"significant":[20],"difference":[21],"between":[22],"the":[23,31,89,102,117,124,127,130,135,145,151,158,177,183,201,237],"recommendations":[24],"widely":[26],"used":[27],"staging":[28],"systems":[29],"actual":[32],"initial":[33,94],"choices.":[35],"Herein,":[36],"we":[37],"propose":[38],"machine":[40],"learning-based":[41],"clinical":[42,83],"decision":[43],"support":[44],"system":[45,219],"suitable":[46],"use":[48],"in":[49,58,157,200],"multi-center":[50],"settings.":[51],"We":[52,77,115],"collected":[53],"data":[54],"from":[55,123,229],"nine":[56],"institutions":[57,232],"South":[59],"Korea":[60],"training":[62],"validation":[64],"datasets.":[65],"internal":[67,159,202],"external":[69,161,204],"datasets":[70,162,205],"included":[71,181],"935":[72],"1750":[74],"patients,":[75],"respectively.":[76,167,216],"developed":[78],"model":[80,137],"20":[82],"variables":[84],"consisting":[85],"two":[87],"stages:":[88],"first":[90,118,146],"stage":[91],"which":[92,105],"recommends":[93],"using":[96,109],"an":[97],"ensemble":[98,136],"voting":[99],"machine,":[100],"second":[103,120,178],"stage,":[104],"predicts":[106],"post-treatment":[107,141],"survival":[108,112,198],"random":[111],"forest":[113],"algorithm.":[114],"derived":[116],"options":[122],"results":[125],"highest":[128],"second-highest":[131],"probabilities":[132],"given":[133],"predicted":[139],"their":[140],"survival.":[142],"When":[143],"only":[144],"option":[148,179],"was":[149,163,180],"accepted,":[150],"mean":[152],"accuracy":[153,169],"recommendation":[156],"67.27%":[164],"55.34%,":[166],"increased":[170],"to":[171],"87.27%":[172],"86.06%,":[174],"respectively,":[175],"when":[176,240],"as":[182],"correct":[184],"answer.":[185],"Harrell's":[186],"C":[187],"index,":[188],"integrated":[189,194],"time-dependent":[190],"AUC":[191],"curve,":[192],"Brier":[195],"score":[196],"prediction":[199],"were":[206],"0.8381":[207],"0.7767,":[209],"91.89":[210],"86.48,":[212],"0.12,":[213],"0.14,":[215],"proposed":[218],"can":[220],"assist":[221],"physicians":[222,235],"providing":[224],"data-driven":[225],"predictions":[226],"reference":[228],"other":[230,234],"larger":[231],"or":[233],"within":[236],"same":[238],"institution":[239],"making":[241],"decisions.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
