{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390745503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","title":"Large language models to identify social determinants of health in electronic health records","display_name":"Large language models to identify social determinants of health in electronic health records","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390745503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38200151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00970-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00970-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064666733","display_name":"Marco Guevara-Vega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-0886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Guevara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085715940","display_name":"Shan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-7410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-7410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025580494","display_name":"Spencer A. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-1561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spencer Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051633243","display_name":"Tafadzwa L. Chaunzwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7216-159X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tafadzwa L. Chaunzwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040597427","display_name":"Idalid Franco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0665-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idalid Franco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018154366","display_name":"Benjamin H. Kann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-2754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin H. Kann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-2754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081388353","display_name":"Shalini Moningi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-8202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shalini Moningi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021987743","display_name":"Jack M. Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack M. Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088589547","display_name":"Madeleine Goldstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5389-2597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adult Resource Office, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adult Resource Office, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101290616","display_name":"Susan Harper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Harper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adult Resource Office, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adult Resource Office, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001452511","display_name":"Hugo J.W.L. Aerts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-2003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo J. W. L. Aerts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-2003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069129452","display_name":"Paul J. Catalano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-8852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Catalano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087865794","display_name":"Guergana Savova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-200X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guergana K. Savova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064724289","display_name":"Raymond H. Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond H. Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039369605","display_name":"Danielle S. Bitterman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164862","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p590m36","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danielle S. Bitterman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Danielle_Bitterman@dfci.harvard.edu","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. Danielle_Bitterman@dfci.harvard.edu","Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Danielle_Bitterman@dfci.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. Danielle_Bitterman@dfci.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039369605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I4210164862"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":84.2551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":251,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99972289,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"6","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"Social determinants of health","score":0.5307213068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.3828640580177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3488028347492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.28750771284103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10691490769386292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.5307213068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3828640580177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3488028347492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28750771284103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10691490769386292}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00970-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38200151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38200151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/8797d845-0164-44b8-b9bb-27688f8590ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/8797d845-0164-44b8-b9bb-27688f8590ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Guevara, M, Chen, S, Thomas, S, Chaunzwa, T L, Franco, I, Kann, B H, Moningi, S, Qian, J M, Goldstein, M, Harper, S, Aerts, H J W L, Catalano, P J, Savova, G K, Mak, R H & Bitterman, D S 2024, 'Large language models to identify social determinants of health in electronic health records', npj Digital Medicine, vol. 7, no. 1, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10781957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10781957","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781957/pdf/41746_2023_Article_970.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a741022d7d2c4d6bbbca0bc8350120b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a741022d7d2c4d6bbbca0bc8350120b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00970-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00970-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1338180186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA209414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1619176647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54CA274516-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2090950843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA209414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4407352972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA194354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4705939820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH-3R01CA240582-01A1S1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4896157941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA194354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5024937287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R35CA22052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5199374372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM013486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6889447878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R35CA22052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G700547958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA190234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7523683017","display_name":"Deep Learning for Automated Quantification of Radiographic Tumor Phenotypes","funder_award_id":"866504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8412831922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM013486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8956110671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54CA274516","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306239","display_name":"Conquer Cancer Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/027327e78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308932","display_name":"Radiological Society of North America","ror":"https://ror.org/00rj4x019"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317868","display_name":"NRG Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/050draa26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318820","display_name":"ViewRay","ror":"https://ror.org/0213nv371"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390745503.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161831236","https://openalex.org/W1957062247","https://openalex.org/W1975490452","https://openalex.org/W2005710312","https://openalex.org/W2027365236","https://openalex.org/W2046583125","https://openalex.org/W2138884119","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2168825005","https://openalex.org/W2172943906","https://openalex.org/W2259559558","https://openalex.org/W2332787986","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2519078114","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2596821164","https://openalex.org/W2729968666","https://openalex.org/W2809705582","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2940494117","https://openalex.org/W2941234853","https://openalex.org/W2947577769","https://openalex.org/W2962787423","https://openalex.org/W2973951351","https://openalex.org/W2991046162","https://openalex.org/W3009978733","https://openalex.org/W3085853817","https://openalex.org/W3095953401","https://openalex.org/W3123287807","https://openalex.org/W3159767223","https://openalex.org/W3166254754","https://openalex.org/W3169284847","https://openalex.org/W3178751578","https://openalex.org/W3188301986","https://openalex.org/W3196248941","https://openalex.org/W3200519641","https://openalex.org/W3202375701","https://openalex.org/W4206221224","https://openalex.org/W4206760357","https://openalex.org/W4221004802","https://openalex.org/W4226239563","https://openalex.org/W4307593310","https://openalex.org/W4321002059","https://openalex.org/W4362679551","https://openalex.org/W4367042504","https://openalex.org/W4367318855","https://openalex.org/W4367692366","https://openalex.org/W4376640318","https://openalex.org/W4378418071","https://openalex.org/W4384282814","https://openalex.org/W4385335808","https://openalex.org/W4385515870","https://openalex.org/W4385564993","https://openalex.org/W4385571470","https://openalex.org/W6796581206","https://openalex.org/W6847076894","https://openalex.org/W6903655558","https://openalex.org/W6959813887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"determinants":[1],"of":[2,24,37,129,147,196,211],"health":[3,26],"(SDoH)":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6],"critical":[7,61],"role":[8],"in":[9,20,80,150,213,221],"patient":[10],"outcomes,":[11],"yet":[12,60],"their":[13,173],"documentation":[14],"is":[15],"often":[16],"missing":[17],"or":[18],"incomplete":[19],"the":[21,40,66,81,127,151,183,209],"structured":[22],"data":[23,52,117],"electronic":[25],"records":[27],"(EHRs).":[28],"Large":[29],"language":[30],"models":[31,94,122,132,141,149,165,193],"(LLMs)":[32],"could":[33,225],"enable":[34],"high-throughput":[35],"extraction":[36],"SDoH":[38,75,101,110,218],"from":[39,77,227],"EHR":[41],"to":[42,72,118,137,171,182],"support":[43],"research":[44],"and":[45,51,89,105,123,144,153,177,219],"clinical":[46],"care.":[47],"However,":[48],"class":[49],"imbalance":[50],"limitations":[53],"present":[54],"challenges":[55],"for":[56,69,99,108,161],"this":[57],"sparsely":[58],"documented":[59],"information.":[62],"Here,":[63],"we":[64],"investigated":[65],"optimal":[67],"methods":[68],"using":[70],"LLMs":[71,212],"extract":[73],"six":[74],"categories":[76],"narrative":[78],"text":[79],"EHR:":[82],"employment,":[83],"housing,":[84],"transportation,":[85],"parental":[86],"status,":[87],"relationship,":[88],"social":[90],"support.":[91,229],"The":[92],"best-performing":[93],"were":[95,166,180],"fine-tuned":[96],"Flan-T5":[97,106,131],"XL":[98],"any":[100],"mentions":[102,111],"(macro-F1":[103,112],"0.71),":[104],"XXL":[107],"adverse":[109,162,199],"0.70).":[113],"Adding":[114],"LLM-generated":[115],"synthetic":[116],"training":[119],"varied":[120],"across":[121],"architecture,":[124],"but":[125],"improved":[126],"performance":[128,146],"smaller":[130],"(delta":[133],"F1":[134],"+":[135],"0.12":[136],"+0.23).":[138],"Our":[139,192],"best-fine-tuned":[140],"outperformed":[142],"zero-":[143,152],"few-shot":[145,154],"ChatGPT-family":[148],"setting,":[155],"except":[156],"GPT4":[157],"with":[158,198],"10-shot":[159],"prompting":[160],"SDoH.":[163],"Fine-tuned":[164],"less":[167,186],"likely":[168],"than":[169],"ChatGPT":[170],"change":[172],"prediction":[174],"when":[175],"race/ethnicity":[176],"gender":[178],"descriptors":[179],"added":[181],"text,":[184],"suggesting":[185],"algorithmic":[187],"bias":[188],"(p":[189],"<":[190],"0.05).":[191],"identified":[194],"93.8%":[195],"patients":[197,223],"SDoH,":[200],"while":[201],"ICD-10":[202],"codes":[203],"captured":[204],"2.0%.":[205],"These":[206],"results":[207],"demonstrate":[208],"potential":[210],"improving":[214],"real-world":[215],"evidence":[216],"on":[217],"assisting":[220],"identifying":[222],"who":[224],"benefit":[226],"resource":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":138},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
