{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386637335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","title":"Considerations for addressing bias in artificial intelligence for health equity","display_name":"Considerations for addressing bias in artificial intelligence for health equity","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386637335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37700029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00913-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00913-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036660665","display_name":"Michael D. Abr\u00e0moff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Abr\u00e0moff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. michael-abramoff@uiowa.edu","Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. michael-abramoff@uiowa.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030996833","display_name":"Michelle E. Tarver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8768-6532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle E. Tarver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030818860","display_name":"Nilsa Loyo\u2010Berr\u00edos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nilsa Loyo-Berrios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073403403","display_name":"Sylvia Trujillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133871","display_name":"Ochin","ror":"https://ror.org/03ft4ac91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133871"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Trujillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["OCHIN, Portland, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OCHIN, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133871"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090353447","display_name":"Danton Char","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800355730","display_name":"Ethics and Public Policy Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00bn59524","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800355730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146400","display_name":"San Diego Cardiac Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04hm6wz53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danton Char","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA","Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800355730","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4210146400","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017000481","display_name":"Ziad Obermeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-5849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziad Obermeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108686838","display_name":"Malvina Eydelman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malvina B. Eydelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024342851","display_name":"William H. Maisel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. Maisel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health,  US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036660665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":10.4868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":279,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98340249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"170","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.7481501698493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.704224705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"Health equity","score":0.5863503217697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.47679567337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"Digital health","score":0.4359101951122284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.41450557112693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4119233787059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.38581299781799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3580702543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2962341904640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2776626944541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.08424365520477295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.7481501698493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.704224705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5863503217697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47679567337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.4359101951122284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.41450557112693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4119233787059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.38581299781799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3580702543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2962341904640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2776626944541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08424365520477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00913-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37700029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37700029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt937357xh","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/937357xh","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt937357xh/qt937357xh.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, vol 6, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10497548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10497548","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10497548/pdf/41746_2023_Article_913.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:ark:/13030/qt937357xh","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da5b7ff373a34d608792f25aada45741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da5b7ff373a34d608792f25aada45741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00913-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00913-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386637335.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18112494","https://openalex.org/W21514708","https://openalex.org/W104620901","https://openalex.org/W2030944875","https://openalex.org/W2058953047","https://openalex.org/W2073471880","https://openalex.org/W2102393256","https://openalex.org/W2146641608","https://openalex.org/W2163406783","https://openalex.org/W2409878661","https://openalex.org/W2789970635","https://openalex.org/W2888109941","https://openalex.org/W2888424632","https://openalex.org/W2902054973","https://openalex.org/W2902802452","https://openalex.org/W2946711149","https://openalex.org/W2962000811","https://openalex.org/W2967844572","https://openalex.org/W2971201970","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W3011556080","https://openalex.org/W3021467368","https://openalex.org/W3082547533","https://openalex.org/W3093861859","https://openalex.org/W3121044953","https://openalex.org/W3121831947","https://openalex.org/W3137761476","https://openalex.org/W3156313717","https://openalex.org/W3164910542","https://openalex.org/W3164923725","https://openalex.org/W3184088106","https://openalex.org/W3186595981","https://openalex.org/W3198667874","https://openalex.org/W3200896515","https://openalex.org/W3203726949","https://openalex.org/W3205936720","https://openalex.org/W3215802504","https://openalex.org/W4206020641","https://openalex.org/W4221045317","https://openalex.org/W4281706229","https://openalex.org/W4386094675"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043048762","https://openalex.org/W4391063699","https://openalex.org/W2163421903","https://openalex.org/W2163184657","https://openalex.org/W4399714403","https://openalex.org/W2018661294","https://openalex.org/W4318965972","https://openalex.org/W4205825136","https://openalex.org/W3032766692","https://openalex.org/W4392553543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Health":[0],"equity":[1,150],"is":[2,68,116],"a":[3,138],"primary":[4],"goal":[5,112],"of":[6,33,41,87,113],"healthcare":[7,80,127],"stakeholders:":[8],"patients":[9],"and":[10,17,23,31,46,85,104,129,133,157],"their":[11,18],"advocacy":[12],"groups,":[13],"clinicians,":[14],"other":[15],"providers":[16],"professional":[19],"societies,":[20],"bioethicists,":[21],"payors":[22],"value":[24],"based":[25],"care":[26],"organizations,":[27],"regulatory":[28],"agencies,":[29],"legislators,":[30],"creators":[32],"artificial":[34],"intelligence/machine":[35],"learning":[36],"(AI/ML)-enabled":[37],"medical":[38],"devices.":[39],"Lack":[40],"equitable":[42],"access":[43],"to":[44,117,131,136,147],"diagnosis":[45],"treatment":[47],"may":[48,60,125],"be":[49,99,108],"improved":[50],"through":[51],"new":[52],"digital":[53],"health":[54,149,160],"technologies,":[55],"especially":[56],"AI/ML,":[57,81],"but":[58],"these":[59,97,114,143],"also":[61],"exacerbate":[62],"disparities,":[63],"depending":[64],"on":[65,120,142],"how":[66,96,105,121,130],"bias":[67,89,124],"addressed.":[69],"We":[70],"propose":[71],"an":[72],"expanded":[73,153],"Total":[74],"Product":[75],"Lifecycle":[76],"(TPLC)":[77],"framework":[78],"for":[79,162],"describing":[82],"the":[83,152],"sources":[84],"impacts":[86],"undesirable":[88],"in":[90,93,145],"AI/ML":[91,123,154],"systems":[92],"each":[94],"phase,":[95],"can":[98,107],"analyzed":[100],"using":[101],"appropriate":[102],"metrics,":[103],"they":[106],"potentially":[109],"mitigated.":[110],"The":[111],"\"Considerations\"":[115],"educate":[118],"stakeholders":[119,141],"potential":[122],"impact":[126],"outcomes":[128,161],"identify":[132],"mitigate":[134],"inequities;":[135],"initiate":[137],"discussion":[139],"between":[140],"issues,":[144],"order":[146],"ensure":[148],"along":[151],"TPLC":[155],"framework,":[156],"ultimately,":[158],"better":[159],"all.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":139},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
