{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367051110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","title":"Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers","display_name":"Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367051110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37100871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00819-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00819-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052276112","display_name":"Catherine A. Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-3943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine A. Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. catherine.gao@northwestern.edu","Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-3943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. catherine.gao@northwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031652616","display_name":"Frederick M. Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-1141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick M. Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-1141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020700982","display_name":"Nikolay S. Markov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay S. Markov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-4387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103251153","display_name":"Emma Dyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-3589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma C. Dyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-3589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070654544","display_name":"Siddhi Ramesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-4864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddhi Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452550","display_name":"Yuan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-7456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-7456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031626209","display_name":"Alexander T. Pearson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-7456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander T. Pearson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052276112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"fwci":19.3997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":685,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99385296,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"75","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9466999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.6731218099594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5781009197235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.568419337272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5674172639846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interquartile-range","display_name":"Interquartile range","score":0.5055117607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.41650110483169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4149777889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40918344259262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3337705731391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.313763827085495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2616799473762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.09036251902580261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.6731218099594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5781009197235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.568419337272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5674172639846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119060515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916617","display_name":"Interquartile range","level":2,"score":0.5055117607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.41650110483169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4149777889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40918344259262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3337705731391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.313763827085495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2616799473762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09036251902580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00819-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37100871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37100871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10133283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10133283","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10133283/pdf/41746_2023_Article_819.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uchicago.tind.io:5820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/5820/files/41746_2023_819_MOESM1_ESM.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402460","display_name":"Knowledge@UChicago (University of Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/5820","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.6082/3tha8-1tx82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://knowledge.uchicago.edu/communities/biological-sciences-division/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:160100a854504abb8eb82ba1c178ea81","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/160100a854504abb8eb82ba1c178ea81","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.6082/3tha8-1tx82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6082/3tha8-1tx82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053018","display_name":"University of Chicago","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.6082/g353y-5y272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6082/g353y-5y272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053018","display_name":"University of Chicago","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00819-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G108530870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01-CA243075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1419273687","display_name":"Deep learning for oral premalignancy evaluation","funder_award_id":"1r56de030958-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2806487987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM013337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2888290756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R56 DE030958","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300716909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01-CA243075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G351330843","display_name":"CRITICAL: Collaborative Resource for Intensive care Translational science, Informatics, Comprehensive Analytics, and Learning","funder_award_id":"5u01tr003528-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3655876613","display_name":"Developing an Oncology Workforce for the 21st Century","funder_award_id":"5k12ca139160-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3697759585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YIA-6675470300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306260","funder_display_name":"Breast Cancer Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4601042552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K12CA139160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4991715683","display_name":"CRITICAL: Collaborative Resource for Intensive care Translational science, Informatics, Comprehensive Analytics, and Learning","funder_award_id":"5u01tr003528-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5169673696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM013337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5425780842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YIA-6675470300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306239","funder_display_name":"Conquer Cancer Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5705199146","display_name":"Modeling the Incompleteness and Biases of Health Data","funder_award_id":"5r01lm013337-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5824813895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R56-DE030958","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6233336011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 TR003528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6831633209","display_name":"Multiscale Computational Models Guided By Emerging Cellular Dynamics Quantification For Predicting Optimum Immune Checkpoint And Targeted Therapy Schedules","funder_award_id":"5u01ca243075-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G783731321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01TR003528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7944540566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01TR003528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8829789577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YIA-6675470300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308982","funder_display_name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306133","display_name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01d35cw23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306239","display_name":"Conquer Cancer Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/027327e78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306260","display_name":"Breast Cancer Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0348ff195"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306947","display_name":"Fanconi Anemia Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/04w07g537"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308982","display_name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/04fy6j421"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332898","display_name":"Stand Up To Cancer","ror":"https://ror.org/01dmpb598"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/004a2wv92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367051110.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3005335661","https://openalex.org/W3103145119","https://openalex.org/W3120325630","https://openalex.org/W3121596465","https://openalex.org/W3150635270","https://openalex.org/W3164718925","https://openalex.org/W3174519801","https://openalex.org/W3186679119","https://openalex.org/W4310917376","https://openalex.org/W4312122097","https://openalex.org/W4313430513","https://openalex.org/W4317853296","https://openalex.org/W4318035272","https://openalex.org/W4318263917","https://openalex.org/W4318671267","https://openalex.org/W4319662928","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6950322510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487490720","https://openalex.org/W2793077515","https://openalex.org/W4292573045","https://openalex.org/W2126365059","https://openalex.org/W4386009577","https://openalex.org/W2981615369","https://openalex.org/W3130621552","https://openalex.org/W2606644627","https://openalex.org/W3048651736","https://openalex.org/W3183420953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1,219],"models":[2,22,220],"such":[3],"as":[4,144,156,201],"ChatGPT":[5,39,182],"can":[6],"produce":[7],"increasingly":[8],"realistic":[9],"text,":[10],"with":[11,63,84,188],"unknown":[12],"information":[13],"on":[14,45,193],"the":[15,91,97,169],"accuracy":[16],"and":[17,37,48,117,132,179,214,229,232],"integrity":[18],"of":[19,74,78,96,130,141,153,212,217],"using":[20,55],"these":[21],"in":[23],"scientific":[24,185,208,223],"writing.":[25],"We":[26],"gathered":[27],"fifth":[28],"research":[29,42],"abstracts":[30,43,52,104,109,143,155,172],"from":[31],"five":[32],"high-impact":[33],"factor":[34],"medical":[35],"journals":[36,231],"asked":[38],"to":[40,71,166,205,221],"generate":[41],"based":[44],"their":[46],"titles":[47],"journals.":[49],"Most":[50],"generated":[51,142,146,176,190],"were":[53,175,177],"detected":[54],"an":[56,202],"AI":[57,98,196],"output":[58,99,197],"detector,":[59],"'GPT-2":[60],"Output":[61],"Detector',":[62],"%":[64],"'fake'":[65,80],"scores":[66,120],"(higher":[67,119],"meaning":[68,121],"more":[69,122,180],"likely":[70],"be":[72],"generated)":[73],"median":[75,85],"[interquartile":[76],"range]":[77],"99.98%":[79],"[12.73%,":[81],"99.98%]":[82],"compared":[83],"0.02%":[86],"[IQR":[87],"0.02%,":[88],"0.09%]":[89],"for":[90],"original":[92,108,131,154],"abstracts.":[93],"The":[94,210],"AUROC":[95],"detector":[100,115],"was":[101,163],"0.94.":[102],"Generated":[103],"scored":[105],"lower":[106],"than":[107],"when":[110],"run":[111],"through":[112],"a":[113,128],"plagiarism":[114],"website":[116],"iThenticate":[118],"matching":[123],"text":[124],"found).":[125],"When":[126],"given":[127],"mixture":[129],"general":[133],"abstracts,":[134,186],"blinded":[135],"human":[136],"reviewers":[137],"correctly":[138],"identified":[139,151],"68%":[140],"being":[145,157,227],"by":[147],"ChatGPT,":[148],"but":[149],"incorrectly":[150],"14%":[152],"generated.":[158],"Reviewers":[159],"indicated":[160],"that":[161],"it":[162],"surprisingly":[164],"difficult":[165],"differentiate":[167],"between":[168],"two,":[170],"though":[171,187],"they":[173],"suspected":[174],"vaguer":[178],"formulaic.":[181],"writes":[183],"believable":[184],"completely":[189],"data.":[191],"Depending":[192],"publisher-specific":[194],"guidelines,":[195],"detectors":[198],"may":[199],"serve":[200],"editorial":[203],"tool":[204],"help":[206,222],"maintain":[207],"standards.":[209],"boundaries":[211],"ethical":[213],"acceptable":[215],"use":[216],"large":[218],"writing":[224],"are":[225,234],"still":[226],"discussed,":[228],"different":[230],"conferences":[233],"adopting":[235],"varying":[236],"policies.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":110},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":180},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":247},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":145},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-14T07:06:38.338062","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
