{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361007013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","title":"Effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening in preventing vision loss from diabetes: a policy model","display_name":"Effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening in preventing vision loss from diabetes: a policy model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361007013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36973403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00785-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00785-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009464457","display_name":"Roomasa Channa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-6901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roomasa Channa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. rchanna@wisc.edu","Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. rchanna@wisc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027993930","display_name":"Risa M. Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-520X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risa M. Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-520X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150714","https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036660665","display_name":"Michael D. Abr\u00e0moff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Abr\u00e0moff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010827397","display_name":"Harold P. Lehmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-219X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold P. Lehmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Section on Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-219X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Section on Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009464457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":5.1443,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95893498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.54152512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.4867987334728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","score":0.4519309103488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43188273906707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.3232136070728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3021630048751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10342928767204285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.54152512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4867987334728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4519309103488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43188273906707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.3232136070728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3021630048751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10342928767204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00785-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36973403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36973403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10042864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10042864","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10042864/pdf/41746_2023_Article_785.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad98a110e821454584d231a35db93609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad98a110e821454584d231a35db93609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00785-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00785-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1056841115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01EY033233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3978171037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5K23EY030911-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306811","display_name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","ror":"https://ror.org/04drjs621"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361007013.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978620910","https://openalex.org/W1980342089","https://openalex.org/W1980378014","https://openalex.org/W2009592311","https://openalex.org/W2025367782","https://openalex.org/W2030085186","https://openalex.org/W2039104184","https://openalex.org/W2060513754","https://openalex.org/W2070976294","https://openalex.org/W2098770457","https://openalex.org/W2137297224","https://openalex.org/W2166010974","https://openalex.org/W2416146661","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2615314723","https://openalex.org/W2769264260","https://openalex.org/W2784105924","https://openalex.org/W2793574678","https://openalex.org/W2884705338","https://openalex.org/W2888424632","https://openalex.org/W2909166675","https://openalex.org/W2914931135","https://openalex.org/W2976376778","https://openalex.org/W2996102097","https://openalex.org/W2999399991","https://openalex.org/W3004691496","https://openalex.org/W3020619771","https://openalex.org/W3034805999","https://openalex.org/W3035185478","https://openalex.org/W3036347230","https://openalex.org/W3036885589","https://openalex.org/W3082547533","https://openalex.org/W3086655774","https://openalex.org/W3097024488","https://openalex.org/W3113082933","https://openalex.org/W3121198906","https://openalex.org/W3121831947","https://openalex.org/W3166972534","https://openalex.org/W3198667874","https://openalex.org/W3213686666","https://openalex.org/W3215517669","https://openalex.org/W4205238128","https://openalex.org/W4226027230","https://openalex.org/W4230007976","https://openalex.org/W4233230329","https://openalex.org/W4251015126","https://openalex.org/W4282938175","https://openalex.org/W4300511274","https://openalex.org/W4301764174","https://openalex.org/W4302198344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W2586801360","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,100],"effectiveness":[1,40],"of":[2,41,67,96,146,160],"using":[3],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"systems":[7],"to":[8,37,82,91,138,176],"perform":[9],"diabetic":[10],"retinal":[11],"exams":[12],"('screening')":[13],"on":[14,56],"preventing":[15,57],"vision":[16,58,68,118],"loss":[17,59,69,119,127],"is":[18],"not":[19],"known.":[20],"We":[21],"designed":[22],"the":[23,39,78,87,134,139,178],"Care":[24],"Process":[25],"for":[26],"Preventing":[27],"Vision":[28,126],"Loss":[29],"from":[30],"Diabetes":[31],"(CAREVL),":[32],"as":[33],"a":[34,92,143],"Markov":[35],"model":[36,103],"compare":[38],"point-of-care":[42],"autonomous":[43,107],"AI-based":[44,108],"screening":[45,109],"with":[46,62,117,124,158,172],"in-office":[47],"clinical":[48],"exam":[49],"by":[50],"an":[51,106],"eye":[52],"care":[53,161],"provider":[54],"(ECP),":[55],"among":[60],"patients":[61],"diabetes.":[63],"estimated":[65,104,175],"incidence":[66],"at":[70,120,128],"5":[71,121,129],"years":[72,122,130],"was":[73,174],"1535":[74],"per":[75,84,98],"100,000":[76,85],"in":[77,86,113,133,142],"AI-screened":[79,135],"group":[80,136],"compared":[81,123,137],"1625":[83],"ECP":[88,140],"group,":[89,141],"leading":[90],"modelled":[93],"risk":[94],"difference":[95],"90":[97],"100,000.":[99],"base-case":[101],"CAREVL":[102],"that":[105],"strategy":[110],"would":[111],"result":[112],"27,000":[114],"fewer":[115],"Americans":[116],"ECP.":[125,153],"remained":[131],"lower":[132],"wide":[144],"range":[145],"parameters":[147],"including":[148],"optimistic":[149],"estimates":[150],"biased":[151],"toward":[152],"Real-world":[154],"modifiable":[155],"factors":[156],"associated":[157],"processes":[159],"could":[162],"further":[163],"increase":[164],"its":[165],"effectiveness.":[166],"Of":[167],"these":[168],"factors,":[169],"increased":[170],"adherence":[171],"treatment":[173],"have":[177],"greatest":[179],"impact.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}